软件架构复习笔记1.docxVIP

软件架构复习笔记(1) -- 名词解释18 Jun 2012At NJU设计的5个准则准则1：用“美”的方式实现功能，是设计的价值准则2：设计的复杂度 = 事物复杂度 + 载体与事物的适配复杂度准则3：设计重在内部结构，而不是外在表现内部结构：为了实现外部的功能，进行的内部的安排，主要关注质量外部表现：对外的功能（能力），满足职责准则4：只有高层设计良好，底层设计才能良好The better early design, the easier detailed design will be高层设计的质量要到最底层才能准确验证层次间是迭代而非瀑布，线性关系不要在完成高层设计之后再进行底层设计要尽早有可验证的原型准则5：只有写完并测试代码之后，才能算是完成了设计（构造问题）4+1 ViewLogic View:the object model of the design (when an oo design method is used)system is decomposed into a set of key abstractions, taken objects or object classes{Component, connector, configuration}viewer: End-usersconsiders: functional requirements(what the system should provide in terms of services to its users)Process View:to capture the concurrency and synchronization aspects of the designprocess: a grouping of tasks that form an executable unitviewer: Integratorsconsiders: non-functional requirements(concurrency, performance, scalability)multiple level of abstractions, a logical network of processes at the highest levelDevelopment View:basis of a line of product, subsystem decompositionto describe the static organization of the software in its development environmentrepresented by module and subsystem diagramsviewer: Programmers and Software Managersconsiders: software module organization(Hierarchy of layers, software management, reuse, constraints of tools)Physical View: to describe the mapping of the software onto the hardware and reflects its distributed aspectmapping the software to the hardwareTopology and Communicationviewer: System Engineersconsiders: Non-functional req. regarding to underlying hardware (avalibility, reliability(fault-tolerance), performance(throughput) and scalability)Scenariosput it all togetherviewer: all users of other views and evaluatorsconsider: system consistency, validityhelp architect during the architecture designhelp illustrate and validate the documentOO 协作与协作设计（理解）What’s CollaborationAn application can be broken down into a set of many different behaviors.?Each such behavior is impleme