大学英语四级作文讲座2节.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * 作文开头先概括性地叙述某一现象或事物，再由一般到具体引出主题。这样，可使作文的开头更显自然。例如： 3)一般到具体 Every year there are changes in climate in different parts of the world. Some of these changes are due to natural causes. However, some climate changes are caused by air pollution and these changes may increase. From good reading we can derive pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction. 恰当的引用一谚语或某一句名言开头，引出讨论的主题，可使读者印象较深。 4) 用引语或谚语开头 There is the saying that time is money. It is true that money is as precious as money. But it is also true that no one can afford to waste his time no matter how rich he is, because when time is gone, it will never come back. Manners are very important in every country, but ways of expressing good manners are different form country to country. What is good manners in one country may not be appropriate behavior in another. So the safe advice for a foreigner, no matter what country he is visiting, is to follow the old proverb: “ When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” 好的开头等于成功的一半。但结尾也十分重要。草率结尾，无法给人留下完整的印象，更可能使自己的努力前功尽弃。故应力求做到有始有终。常见的结尾有以下四种方式： 在结尾段对全文讨论的问提或要点进行概括总结，并进一步明确和深化主题，使读者留下较深刻的印象。例如： 1) 归纳总结 A well-handed telephone call will give the caller a good impression of the company he or she is dealing with. For this reason, an office secretary who can handle telephone calls cheerfully, tactfully, and efficiently is a valuable asset to any organization. 针对文中论述的问题提出作者的建议，以引起读者的注意和思考。例如： 2) 提出建议 Therefore, it is necessary for us to exploit more energy resources to meet the ever-increasing demand of modern society. For example, garbage can be used to generate el