城镇供热计量与管理系统的研究与设计-电力系统及其自动化专业论文 word格式.docxVIP

摘要随着我国城镇供热体制的不断改革，推行供热按户计量收费已势在必行，未来几年全国将投入使用大批的热量表。面对巨大的市场需求和潜力，本课题旨在设计结构简单、成本低廉、测量精度高且适合我国供热现状的热量表产品，并以此为基础开发城镇供热计量与管理系统。本课题采用组合式热量表设计方案，利用Pt1000铂电阻温度传感器采集进水和回水温度信号，超声波流量传感器采集进水流量信号。时间数字转换器TDC-GP21测量超声波顺流和逆流时差，再通过改进的超声波时差法计算出供热流量。利用TDC-GP21测量Pt1000铂电阻阻值，再利用牛顿迭代法，实现高精度的温度测量。16位的超低功耗微处理器MSP430F4481作为热量表核心，选用比热系数法更适合我国供热现状的焓值法，完成热量值计算。热量表设计M-BUS总线接口，实现了区域内组网，从而搭建起以热量表与集中器为数据终端，GPRS无线网络和Internet互联网为远程通信载体，主控中心为系统核心的城镇供热计量与管理平台。为了充分降低成本，M-BUS接口采用了分立器件构成的模拟电路。红外通信电路确保了远程抄表无效时，可通过手持仪现场抄表。城镇供热计量与管理系统不仅为用户提供了准确、便捷的供热计量与收费服务，适应了智能小区发展的需求，而且有利于供热部门对城镇供热系统进行智能化管理。关键词：热量表，超声波时差法，TDC-GP21，M-BUS，GPRSAbstractAsthereformofurbanheat-supplyingsystemisbeingfurtherpromotedinChina,thehouseholdmeteringandchargingofconcentratedheatingrepresentsan irresistibletrend.Largequantitiesofheatmetersaretobeputintooperationinfuture,andthemarketdemandandpotentialisenormous.Aheatmeterfeaturingofsimplestructure,lowcost,highmeasuringprecisionandgreat suitabilityoftheconcreteheat-supplyingsituationinourcountrywasdesignedinthispaper.Besides,theurbanheat-supplyingmeteringandmanagementsystembasedonthenew-styleheatmeterwasrepresented.Thedesignproposalforcombinedheatmeterwasadopted.Pt1000platinumresistorsservedtocollecting thetemperaturesofsupplywaterandreturnwater.Ultrasonicflowsensorswerechosetocollecttheflowofsupplywater.Thetime-to-digitalconverterTDC-GP21wasintroducedto measurethetransit-timedifferenceofultrasonicpulsespropagating in andagainstflowdirection,andthenthewaterflowwasobtainedbytheultrasonictransit-timedifferencemethod.Moreover,thehigh-accuracytemperaturemeasurementwascompletedbytheNewtoniterationmethodusingtheresistancesofPt1000smeasuredbyTDC-GP21.Asthemaincontrolleroftheheatmeter,the16-bitultraslow-power-consumptionmicrocontrollerMSP430F4481figuredoutthecalorievalueusingtheenthalpymethod,whichismoresuitablefortheconcretesituationinourcountrythantheheatcoefficientmethod.TheM-BUSinterfacecircuitwasdesignedsothatheatmetersinanintelligentbuildingcouldconstructanetwork.Inthatcase,themetersandab