文化基本要素的差异.ppt

文化基本要素的差异;;;价值取向模型：文化必须回答的5个问题;价值取向模型：文化必须回答的5个问题;4. How do people conduct activities? ”Being to doing 5. What are the relationships of people to each other?;;Past focus-traditions; Present - short-term strategic planning, Future - Long term planning Doing - hard work; Being - no need to work more than necessary;; Gender roles - “masculinity” Confucian values - “long term orientation”;;;;;;;;Latin European High uncertainty avoidance Nordic Low masculinity Far Eastern high power distance, low individualism;;;;;;; ;;; Individualist - Consensus oriented – Committed to the group - Elitist and rank conscious - Gender bias - ; Bribery - patterns of thinking – local business tempo- religious practices – political structure – family loyalty-;;; （文化中的）消费行为的影响举例;;;;;