7.Introduction of the nervous system-凌树才.pptVIP

* * Introduction of the nervous system神经系统总论 Contents Organization of Nervous System Elements of Nervous system Reflex and reflex Arcs Functions of Nervous System Teminology Organization of Nervous System Central nervous system 中枢神经系统 1. Brain 脑 2. Spinal cord 脊髓 Peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统 Cranial n. 脑神经（12 pairs) Spinal n. 脊神经 (31 pairs) Visceral n. 内脏神经 Elements of Nervous system Neurons 神经元 Basic functioning units of the nervous system Neuroglia 神经胶质 Supporting cells Neuron 神经元 Cell body：perikaryon (核周体） Dendrites：receive messages from other neurons and send them to the cell body Axons：carry messages away from the cell body Silver Stain Nissl Stain Types of nerve cells (1) according to number of their processes Bipolar neuron 双级神经元 Pseudounipolar neuron 假单级神经元 Multipolar neuron 多级神经元 Types of nerve cells (2) sensory neurone 感觉神经元 relay neurone 中间神经元 motor neurone 运动神经元 according to their functions Sensory neurons Receive information Send impulses to the brain or spinal cord Relay neuron (Interneurons) Carries impulses from sensory nerves to motor nerves. Motor neuron Conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands throughout your body Transmission of signals- Synapse Synapse Small space across which an impulse moves from an axon to the dendrites or cell body of another neuron. Types of synapse Chemical synapse Electric synapse Axodendritic Dendrodendritic Axosomatic Somatosomatic Axoplasmic Flow 轴浆流 IN CNS： oligodendrocyte 少突胶质细胞：形成髓鞘 astrocyto 星型胶质细胞 ：参与血脑屏障 microglia 小胶质细胞 ：吞噬防御 epndymocyte 室管膜细胞：构成脑室壁 IN PNS： schwann cell 雪旺氏细胞 ：形成髓鞘 capsular cell 被囊细胞 Types of Neuroglia oligodendrocyte microglia Neuron astrocyto epndymocyte Neuroglia 神经胶质 1.Oligodendrocytes Produce the myelin sheath which provides the electrical insulation for certain neurons in the CNS 4 types of glia in the CNS: 2.Astrocytes Star-shaped, abundant, and versatile G