精神分裂症部分思考题.docVIP

单选题： 1.在眼球的结构中，下列哪一个相当于照相机的镜头？【】29岁，女性，十个月前起病，言语错乱，别人难以理解，骂人毁物，逐渐言语活动减少，不能与周围人沟通，近三个月来呆坐少语，自笑，认为自己的事别人都能知晓，有人要害自己。查：意识清晰，目光表情呆滞，耳边有命令性幻听，被害妄想，被洞悉感，有思维中断，躯体及神经系统检查未见著征，该患者诊断为【B】 A、抑郁症B、精神分裂症 C、脑肿瘤所致精神障碍 D、内分泌疾病所致精神障碍 E、偏执性精神障碍What is myopia, and how is it corrected? Answer: Myopia, or nearsightedness, occurs when the eyeball is too long. 当眼轴过长时，就会产生近视。 Parallel rays from a distant light source, which are bent by the cornea and the lens, normally converge at exactly the same plane as the retina. 远处的平行光线通过角膜和晶状体的折射在视网膜上形成清晰地像。 When the eyeball is too long, the rays of light converge and cross before the retina. 但是当眼轴过长时，折射的光线就不能汇聚到视网膜上，而是在视网膜之前。 As a result, the image on the retina is a blurred circle rather than a point. 所以，这时候投射到视网膜的像是一个模糊的光圈而不是一个清晰的点。 This occurs because the amount of refraction that the cornea and the lens provide is too large to focus distant objects on the retina. 这是因为，通过角膜和晶状体折射作用太强了以至于不能把远处的物体投射到视网膜上。 To see distant points clearly, nearsighted people must use artificial concave lenses that help focus the image on the retina. 如果近视眼的人想要清楚的看到远处的物体，就需要佩戴凹透镜来帮助矫正。 问题2：当你“对黑暗产生适应”时，视网膜发生什么变化？你在黑暗里为什么看不见颜色？What happens in the retina when you “get used to the dark”? Why can’t you see color at night? Answer: Getting used to the dark is called dark adaptation. 暗适应就是我们所谓的“对黑暗产生适应”。 This capability is a consequence of a duplex retina, in which cones function best at high levels of illumination and rods function best at low levels of illumination. 之所以有这种能力是因为，视网膜含有两种细胞：视锥细胞在主要强光下发挥作用，视杆细胞主要在弱光下发挥作用。 When moving from high to low levels of illumination, the retina must be adapted to the dark before the rods are maximally sensitive. 当人从明亮的地方走到黑暗的地方，我们的视网膜就需要等待视杆细胞完全投入工作状态才能发回它的敏感性，这段时间就是适应。 Dark adaptation is a biochemical process in which rhodopsin, the rod photopigment, regenerates after being bleached in the light. 暗适应是一个生物化学的过程，视杆细胞的感光物质—视紫红质，在强光照射后重新合成。 The functional circuitry of the retina also readjusts as rhodopsin regenerates. Consequently, in