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Clinical features 1. 局部: 红、肿、热、痛、功能障碍 2. 全身: 感染重时, 生命体征、营养 器官-系统功能障碍: 休克、肾衰、呼衰、心衰等 3. 特异表现: 破伤风—肌痉挛； 气性坏疽—捻发音 4. 有关外科感染的其他病史 Diagnosis(诊断) 1.临床检查: 波动感 2.实验室检查:血WBC/LC;尿常规; 病原体鉴定: 涂片;培养; 3.影像学检查:内在感染 Prevention(预防) 1.微生物入侵: 卫生 (实施卫生管理;严格消毒灭菌; 洗手) 创面 (无菌操作；正确处理创口) 2.抗感染能力: 治疗原发疾病 治疗并发疾病(糖尿病); 特异免疫治疗(球蛋白/TAT) 抗生素预防应用 改善营养状况 3.病原传播: 院内感染(交叉/医源性) What can I do to reduce my chances of developing an infection? Wash your hands carefully, especially after going to the bathroom. Remind your doctors and nurses about washing their hands before working on you. If you have an intravenous catheter or a dressing on a wound, keep the skin around the dressing clean and dry. Tell your nurse promptly if the dressing is loose or gets wet. If you have any type of catheter or drainage tube, let your nurse know immediately if it becomes loose or dislodged. Ask your friends and family not to visit if they are feeling ill. Treatment(治疗) 基本原则: 消除感染病因和毒物; 制止病菌生长; 增强人体的抗感染和修复能力 治疗方式: 局部: 保护感染部位 (不受压) 理疗和外用药物 手术(切排,引流) 抗生素: 全身用药(范围广或病变扩展) 对症支持治疗: 激素\营养等 Appropriate Antimicrobial Agent The choice of drug has to do with clinical efficacy safety, inexpensive a wide spectrum. It should be active against the pathogens most commonly associated with wound infections following a specific procedure and against the pathogens endogenous to the region of the body being operated on. For elective clean procedures using a foreign body, and in clean contaminated procedures, it is generally recommended that a sing
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