文体学Varieties of language部分.ppt

VARIETIES OF LANGUAGE 语言变体 Outline Two kinds of varieties Dialects Registers The mutual dependence between register and dialect The social meaning of language varieties Two kinds of varieties Modern linguistics has worked out a system of variety categories to help isolate these consistent relationships between: particular features of language, and the particular situations in which they might possibly occur. The constant features of the situational circumstances of speech events that can be consistently related to variations in language use fall into two main groups: one group relates to the relatively permanent characteristics of the user in speech events; the other relates to the user’s use of language in such events; and they yield two main kinds of situational varieties: dialectal and diatypic. DIALECTAL VARIETIES commonly called DIALECTs are language variations that are associated with different users of the language. These are relatively permanent features of the language user in a speech event. Users in a society can be defined in terms of their individual, temporal, regional, and social affiliations, and their range of intelligibility, etc. So there are individual, temporal, regional, social and standard varieties respectively. DIATYPIC VARIETIES commonly called REGISTERs are language variations that are associated with the different use to which they are put. Such varieties do not depend on the people who use the language, but on the occasion when it is used. Different types of language are selected as appropriate to different types of occasion. The choice is determined by the convention that a certain kind of language is appropriate to a certain use. The occasion can be classified along three dimensions, each presenting an aspect of the situation and the part played by the language in them. In this way, registers may be distinguished according to field of disco