生理学基本概念中英文名词解释.docVIP

生理学基本概念的中英文名词解释 苏州大学医学部生理学系 （学生版） Basic Concepts of Physiology in English and Chinese for the Students Use 绝对不应期 absolute refractory period The time interval during which a cell is incapable of initiating a second action potential. 动作电位 action potential An action potential is a rapid change in the membrane potential. Each action potential begins with a sudden change from the normal resting negative potential to a positive membrane potential (depolarization) and then ends with an almost equally rapid change back to the negative potential (repolarization). 主动转运 active transport The movement of substances across the membrane occurs against the electrochemical gradient with the necessity of consumption of metabolic energy 后负荷 afterload Afterload is the load that is given to the muscle after the beginning of the contraction. 自身调节 autoregulation In certain cases, a tissue or organ can respond directly to the environmental changes, depending neither on nervous nor on humoral control. This form of regulation is called auto-regulation. 完全强直收缩 complete tetanus When the frequency of stimulation reaches a critical level, the successive contractions are so rapid that they literally fused together, and the contraction appears to be completely smooth and continuous. This is called completely tetanus. 去极化 depolarization The change in membrane potential away from the resting potential and toward the sodium equilibrium. 入胞 endocytosis Very large particles enter the cell by a specialized function of the cell membrane called endocytosis. The principle forms of endocytosis are pinocytosis and phagocytosis. 平衡电位 equilibrium potential Electrochemical equilibrium is a steady state, as in the resting membrane potential of a cell ,in which an electrical potential and chemical potential gradient are in balance and no net movement of charged particles occurs. 兴奋性 excitability Excitability is the ability of certain