土木工程英语高级水平UnitSoilMechanicsinFoundationengineering.pptVIP

Lesson Plan Review New Words and Phrases Reading and Translating—Unit Eleven Classroom Exercises Review Unit Eleven Soil Mechanics in Foundation Engineering单 元 11基础工程中的土力学 No construction material has both engineering and physical properties that are more variable than the ground. These properties vary both laterally and vertically and often by large orders of magnitude. Those properties of particular interest to the foundation engineer include: No construction material has both engineering and physical properties that are more variable than the ground. These properties vary both laterally and vertically and often by large orders of magnitude. Those properties of particular interest to the foundation engineer include: 没有任何一种建筑材料的工程性质和物理性质像土那样不均匀。而且土的这些性质在横向和竖向都不相同，其变化的数量级往往比较大。基础工程师特别感兴趣的那些性质包括： 1. Strength parameters (stress-strain modulus, shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio, cohesion, and angle of internal friction) 2. Compressibility indexes (for deformation / settlement) 3. Permeability 4. Gravimetric-volumetric data (unit weight, specific gravity, void ratio, water content, etc.) 1. 强度参数（应力－应变模量、剪切模量、泊桑比、内聚力和内摩擦角）； 2. 压缩性指标（变形 / 沉降）； 3. 渗透性； 4. 重量－体积方面的数据（容重、比重、孔隙比、含水量等等）。 Some knowledge about these properties allows the engineer to make estimates for: 1. Bearing capacity 2. Settlements including both the amount and rate 3. Earth pressures (both vertical and lateral) 4. Pore pressures 掌握了上述性质，可以使工程师能够作出以下估算： 1. 承载能力； 2. 沉降，包括数量和速率两方面； 3. 土压力（竖向和横向）； 4. 孔隙压力。 The practice of foundation engineering was largely empirical until 1925, when K.Tenad1i, often called the “father of soil mechanics”, published his book “Soil Mechanics”. From this point onward, and with the year from 1950 onward being especially fruitful, foundation engineering has develope