2002美国数学建模数学竞赛试题及翻译.docVIP

2002 MCM A: Wind and Waterspray An ornamental fountain（喷泉） in a large open plaza（广场） surrounded by buildings squirts（喷水池） water high into the air. On gusty days, the wind blows spray from the fountain onto passersby. The water-flow from the fountain is controlled by a mechanism linked to an anemometer (which measures wind speed and direction) located on top of an adjacent building. The objective of this control is to provide passersby with an acceptable balance between an attractive spectacle and a soaking: The harder the wind blows, the lower the water volume and height to which the water is squirted, hence the less spray falls outside the pool area. Your task is to devise an algorithm（算法） which uses data provided by the anemometer to adjust the water-flow from the fountain as the wind conditions change. 风和喷水池 在一个露天广场里装饰喷泉把水喷到控制，当有风吹过时，水滴飘向行人。喷泉射出的水流是由一个与风速计（用于测量风的速度和方向）项链的机械装置控制的，风速计安装在一幢邻近楼房顶上。这个控制的实际作用是要为行人在赏心悦目的景象和淋水浸湿之间提供可以接受的平衡点：风刮的越猛，水量和喷射的高度就越低，从而较少的水花落在水池范围以外。你的任务是设计一个算法，随着风力条件的变化，运用风速计给出的数据来调整由喷泉射出的水流。 2002 MCM B: Airline Overbooking Youre all packed and ready to go on a trip to visit your best friend in New York City. After you check in at the ticket counter, the airline clerk announces that your flight has been overbooked. Passengers need to check in immediately to determine if they still have a seat. Historically, airlines know that only a certain percentage of passengers who have made reservations on a particular flight will actually take that flight. Consequently, most airlines overbook-that is, they take more reservations than the capacity of the aircraft. Occasionally, more passengers will want to take a flight than the capacity of the plane leading to one or more passengers being bumped and thus unable to take the flight for which they had reservations. Airlines deal with bumped passengers in various ways. Some are given nothing, some are booked on later flights on other airlines, and some are given some kind of cash or airline ticket incentive