2011年9月10日讲义.docVIP

2011年9月10日讲义 虚拟语气： ? 英语句子的核心是动词，一个句子一般只有一个动词。 Can anybody help me? HELP! 他吃苹果。 He eats an apple. He ate an apple. ? He is Tom, he is seven years old. He is Tom, and he is seven years old. He is Tom, who is seven years old. ? In spite of=despite介词 He went to work despite the rain. He went to work although it was raining. ? In case of以防万一 Take your umbrella in case of rain. In the case of在……情况下；在……身上 Smoking is good to one’s health, and it is especially true in the case of my grandfather. ? Would rather do than do Prefer doing to doing Preference偏好 late晚的，迟到的 later后来 latter the latter后者 the former前者 latest the latest news最新消息 It is time that effective measures were taken before things go worse. Provided (that)=as long as=so long as=if如果 I will lend you my bike provided that you keep it well. ? 及物动词：可以加宾语的动词，而且一定要有宾语，可以用被动语态 不及物动词：不可以直接加宾语，可以通过介词来加宾语，没有被动语态 I beat him. He is beaten by me. 及物动词加宾语，如果宾语不是名词，则用动名词（动词+ing构成的名词） I like eating. ? ? 时态：和时间有关 ? 过去 现在 将来 ? 过去的 过去 1.????????????? 现在完成时：从过去某一点时间发生，一直延续到现在，还有可能继续下去的动作或者状态；过去的动作对现在的影响。通常和for a long time, for three days, in the past three months, so far, by now, since He has lived in xmlnamespace prefix =st1 ns =urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags /Changzhou since he came to work here. They have been busy with the experiment in the past three days. =They began to do experiment three days ago. *He has joined the army for ten years. 改为：He has been in the army for ten years.=He joined the army ten years ago. *He has left Changzhou for three days. 改为：He has been away from Changzhou for three days.=He left Changzhou three days ago. 2.????????????? have been doing=have done+be doing表示动作持续的时间长 He has been reading this book the whole morning. He has read this book.他看过这本书。 have been done=have done+be done ? 现在进行时： He is reading a novel. He is looking for a beautiful girl. 现在进行时和always, often, continually, forever连用，表示说话人的情感。 You are always looking at beautiful women. ? 过去完成时：过去的过去，在过去某一动作之前发生的动作或者状态。had been