dspn第十四次课(7章).pptVIP

Chapter 7 Digital Filter Realizations7.1 Direct Form 7.2 Canonical Form （正准形式） 7.3 Cascade Form （串联形式） 7.4 Cascade to Canonical 7.6 Quantization Effects in Digital Filters * * * 也称 direct form Ι realizations (直接 I 型) * P.269 ： 式 (7.1.1) 和(7.1.2) ，Fig.7.1.1 the b-multiplier terms: 1) are feeding forward (前馈) 2) correspond to the numerator polynomial of H(z) 3) correspond to the x-dependent non-recursive terms of (7.1.5) the a-multiplier terms: 1) are feeding back (反馈) 2) correspond to the denominator polynomial of H(z) 3) correspond to the y-dependent recursive terms of (7.1.5) The main feature of this realization is a single adder that accumulates all the terms in the right-hand side of Eq.(7.1.5) and whose output is y(n). * sample-processing algorithm : P.270 式(7.1.3) 注意： 的符号 The a-multiplier in the block diagram and in the difference equation are negative of the denominator polynomial coefficients 更一般的情况： * P.271 ： 式 (7.1.4) 和(7.1.5) ，Fig.7.1.2 * sample-processing algorithm : P.272 式(7.1.8) Example 7.1.1: 也称 direct form II realizations (直接 II 型 ) * 以二阶系统为例： 交换两串联系统 的顺序，并不 改变系统的输入、输出关系。Fig.7.2.2 共用延迟器得到Fig.7.2.3 sample processing algorithm : 式(7.2.2) * 推广到 Mth order IIR filter : Fig.7.2.4 , 式(7.2.5) * second-order section (SOS): 1) transfer function: 式(7.1.1) 2) canonical realization : Fig.7.2.3 3) I/O difference equations : 式(7.2.2) (By second-order we really mean “up to second order”) ( Each SOS may be realized in its canonical ,direct,or transposed realizations. However ,the convention is to realize all of them in their canonical form ) * cascade realization form : the transfer function is the product of such second-order section (SOS) * block diagram realization of cascade form : Fig.7.3.1 * sample processing algorithm of cascade form : 式(7.3