Horticulture CD - West Harrison High School：园艺的CD -西哈里森高中.ppt

Horticulture CD Unit C 5-4: Nursery, Landscaping, and Gardening Problem Area 5: Fruit and Vegetable Crop Production Lesson 4: Growing and Maintaining Tree Fruits Where Do These Things Come From? Learning Objectives Explain how to plan and lay out the orchard. Describe how fruit trees should be planted. Discuss how to maintain the orchard. Explain when and how to harvest tree fruits. Terms Bud scars Budding Double dwarf trees Dwarf trees Fruit thinning Fruiting habit Grafting Heading back (tipping) pruning Modified-leader pruning system Open-center (vase) pruning system Rootstock Scion Semi-dwarf trees Standard trees Suckers or watersprouts Thinning-out pruning How Should a Fruit Orchard be Planned and Laid Out? Explain how to plan and lay out the orchard. Planning and Layout The best size orchard to plan is determined by available space, fruit production, pollination requirements, spaced required, spraying equipment, time from planting until bearing, and average useful life of the tree. Keep in mind that more fruit can be harvested from a small, well-cared-for orchard than from a large, poorly cared-for planting. Planning and Layout Select a site where easily worked, deep, and well-drained soil is present. Spring frosts and winter cold both may be hazards to fruit crops. Planning and Layout Plant varieties that are winter hardy and developed for your area. Most fruit trees are developed by budding or grafting. Grafting is attaching a shoot of a desired variety onto a stock or rootstock. Rootstock is the root system and base of the tree on which the fruiting top is attached. Scion is the name given to the fruiting shoot attached to the rootstock. Budding is similar to grafting except a bud shield is used instead of a shoot as the scion. Budding and Grafting Grafting can be used to alter the mature size of a tree. Standard trees are full size trees reaching a height of 20 feet and taller. Double dwarf trees are four to six feet tall. Dwarf trees are typically 8 to