英语的五个基本句型和句子成分.pptVIP

基 本 句 型 主语(subject)：是一个句子的主题，是句子所述说的主体． 谓语(predicate)：它的位置一般在主语之后．谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成． 表语(subject)：表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于连系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。 Smoking is bad for you. To find your way can be a problem. 宾语(object)：在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。 定语(attribute)：用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。 状语(adverbial)：是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。 补语(complement)：是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补足语（subject complement），补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语（object complement）. S/ 主语 V / 系动词 P/ 表语 The dinner smells delicious. He fell in love. Everything looks different He is growing tall and strong. The trouble is that they are short of money. His face turned red. 1．主语 + 系动词 + 表语： 其常见的句型： 1) S + Link-v + N/Pron(名词/代词） He is a boy. This is mine. 2) S + Link-v + Adj（形容词） She is beautiful. 3) S + Link-v + Adv (副词） Class is over. 4) S + Link-v + Prep Phrase（介词短语） He is in good health. 5) S + Link-v + Participle (分词） He is excited. The film is interesting. 句 子 成 分 索 引 主语： 1. 名词；2. 代词； 3. 数词；4. 动名词；5. 不定式；6. 词组或复合结构；7. 从句；如： A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. Who is speaking, please? This is Jack speaking. Two will be enough. Living in that island country for three months was an unforgettable experience for me. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy and wise. Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. “A” is an article. 表语： 1. 名词；2. 代词；3. 数词；4. 形容词；5. 分词；6. 动名词；7. 不定式；8. 副词；9. 介词短语；10. 词组；11. 从句，如： The masses are the real heroes. That’s something we have always to keep in mind. She was the first to learn about it. My idea is this. Time is pressing. Let’s hurry up. All I could do was send him a telegram. We must be off now. They are twice the size of chickens. My idea is that we should stick to our original plan. 句 子 成 分 索 引 basic structure(主系表） 1.我的兄弟都是大学生。 2. 这本书是关于美国历史的书。 3. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 4. 他失业了。 5. 树叶已经变黄了。 6. 这个报告听起来很有意思。 7. 布