河口生态学Lecture_7Carbon Cycles and Organic Matter.pptVIP

* Lecture 7 Carbon Cycles and Organic Matter Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) CO2 - Carbonate Equilibrium Complex chemistry Highly pH dependent General Rules: Aerobic respiration produces CO2 and can lower pH in “non-buffered” waters (make water more acidic) Photosynthesis consumes CO2 and can raise the pH in “non-buffered” waters (make water more alkaline) Very little free (aqueous) CO2 in water, most plants use CO2, convert HCO3- to CO2 using carbonic anhydrase Figures from Milliman 1974 http://mch3w.ch.man.ac.uk/theory/staff/postdoc/mbdtsrh/openday/pagea01.html Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme Some seagrasses and macrophytes can only use CO2 (don’t have the enzyme) Plants may become C-limited in alkaline waters, or waters with high primary productivity DIC increases with salinity (maximum of ca. 25 mg liter-1, 2 mM) - higher in carbonate environments DIC can be very high (150 mg liter-1, 12.5 mM) in sediment porewater Most common method for measuring phytoplankton primary productivity uses the radioactive isotope NaH14CO3 Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) Rate Calculations for Primary Productivity DPM values are converted to daily productivity rates using the following equation: [Dark bottle disintegrations per minute (DPMs) ] Production (mg Cm -3d -1 ) =((SDPM/V) * (W * 0.25 x 10 -3 )/TDPM) *(1.05/T) where:  SDPM = DPMs in filtered sample V = volume of filtered sample (liters) TDPM = Total 14C DPMs (in 0.25 ml) W = DIC concentration in samples (approx 25000 mg Cm -3 ; should be measured for non-oceanic habitats) 0.25 x 10 -3 = conversion of pipette volume to liters 1.05 = correction for the lower uptake of 14 C compared to 12 C T = time (days) JGOFS METHODS FROM: http://www.pangaea.de/Projects/JGOFS/Methods/chap19.html Organic Carbon DOC - Dissolved organic carbon - truly dissolved and colloidal forms - pass through 0.2 - 0.45 μm filter Usually quantified in terms of size/weight classes (dalton units; 1 dalton = 1.66024