第十五讲 非谓语动词.docVIP

第十五讲 非谓语动词 非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：doing??, done ,??to do??,??doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：??现在分词??doing : 有being done（被动式） ; having done （完成式）; having been done （完成被动式）? ?不定式? to do : 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式）? ?动名词? ? doing : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式） ;? ?非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。? ?下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：一、动词不定式先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1．To learn a foreign language is difficult .2． His wish is to be a driver . 3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer . 4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 5．I have nothing to say . 6．They went to see their aunt . 7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do next .9．I heard them make a noise .说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。??掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。? ???agree to??object to??close to??, come to??, lead to??, refer to??, equal to , familiar to , point to??, thank to , devote to??, next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to 2． 带to 还是不带to ??I have no choice but to give in ??I cannot do anything but give in ??I??saw him enter the classroom .??（ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .??It’s necessary for you to study hard . ??It’s foolish of him to do it . ? ?与of 连用的形容词有：good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible 4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want , hope , wish , like??, begin , try??, need , forget , agree??, know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange??, dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask??, mean , choose , expect? ?etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it importan