物流专业英语主编齐利梅、牛国崎 北理工版 第3版课件：Unit1 What is logistics 02.pptVIP

课堂教学之—— Step 5 阅读材料 提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。 Production vs distribution 生产 vs 流通 There are two types of primary activities concerning the production of products: production and distribution. 关于产品的生产，有两类基本的活动：生产与流通。 Production is the act or process of converting raw materials into semi-finished goods or finished goods ready for sale/delivery. For instance, a flour mill buys wheat (raw materials) from farmers, processes it into flour (semi-finished products) and sells it to a bakery, who then turns it into bread (finished products) ready for sale to end consumers (Figure 4). 生产是把原材料转换成半成品或成品供销售或交货的行为或过程。譬如，一家面粉厂从农民处购买小麦（原材料）、加工成面粉（半成品）并将面粉出售给面包店，面包店用面粉做成面包（成品），用于出售给最终消费者（图4）。 Figure 4 Conversion of raw materials into semi-finished products or finished products. 图4 原材料转换成半成品或成品 Wheat （Raw Material） 小麦(原料) Flour (semi-finished product) 面粉(半成品) Bread (finished product) 面包（成品） Distribution is the act or process of moving goods/product (semi-finished or finished) to various locations/customers. Usually manufacturers focus on production, while logistics companies engage in distribution of goods. 流通是把商品/产品（半成品或成品）移动到不同地点或客户的行为或过程。通常来说，制造厂商把重心放在生产上，而物流公司则从事商品的流通。 Ideally an organization may engage in both production and distribution. However, owing to the complexity and substantiality of distribution, few companies perform well if they engage in both. 理想情况下，一家公司可以既从事生产，也从事流通。然而，由于流通的复杂性和艰巨性，两样都做的公司很少能有良好的表现。 There is now a new trend of outsourcing the distribution business to specialized companies, namely third-party logistics (3PL) companies, so that the manufacturers can concentrate more on core production operation while the logistics companies can handle distribution more deftly and professionally. 现在有一种新趋势，就是把流通业务外包给专业化的公司，即第三方物流公司（3PL），这样制造厂商就可以更好地集中精力于核心的生产运作，而物流公司也可以更娴熟、更专业地处理好流通业务。 课堂教学之—— Step 6 课堂练习 提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。 1. Answer the following questions in English: What is the definition of logistics? Logistics, in