评判性思维和护理临床决策汇.ppt

学而不思则罔 思而不学则殆 知识 实践 思维 专业成长 Developing Thinking Abilities 千 里 之 行 知识 实践 思维 Developing Thinking Abilities 始 于 足 下 Have a break！ * S M M U 第七章 评判性思维和护理临床决策 Critical Thinking and Decision-making in Nursing Nursing School of Second Military Medical University　 Main Topics: Why and which thinking is important to nurse? What is the definition and components of critical thinking and why it is important? How to improve the nurses’ critical thinking ability? What’s clinical decision making and how to make clinical decisions? Significance of Nursing Thinking 思维形态 动作思维 形象思维（直观思维） 抽象思维（逻辑思维） 思维探索答案方向 求异思维（发散思维） 求同思维（聚合思维） 思维是否具有新颖性、独创性 再生性思维 创造性思维 Everybody thinks all the day and all the time. 思维的类型 Scenario ：It’s Tuesday. You’re on the way to classroom and these thoughts are going though your mind: “I have so much to do…anatomy(解剖) test on Wednesday, Physiology(生理学) paper due on Thursday.……I really wanted to get a hair cut.……Do I really have to shop tomorrow?……Hey, what an interesting looking man that is on the corner.……I’m starving……What can I eat?” Aimless thinking Purposefully Dialectically Dynamically Critically Initiatively 评判性思维（critical thinking） 20世纪30年代德国法兰克福学派创立 一种批判理论和思维方式 70年代开始运用于教学 本质是反思能力和建设性批判精神 History 80年代初，被引入护理 护理科学的理论基础和哲学基础 1992年，美国护理联盟（the National League for Nursing，NLN）把评判性 思维列入评审护理学院的必须标准。 护理科学的理论基础和哲学基础 评判性思维（critical thinking） History One of the core competencies One of the hot topics Bandman(1988):“the rational examination of ideas, inferences, assumptions, principles, arguments, conclusions, issues, statements, beliefs, and actions. ” 评判性思维（critical thinking） Definitions “对思想、推理、假设、原则、争议、结论、问题、说明、信念和行动的理性检验。” Kozier et al（2000）: Critical: not “eager to find fault” but “capable of judging carefully and accurately.” Thinking: to have an opinion, to reflect on, to call to mind, to devise by thinking, to form a mental picture of (image), to reason. 评判性思维（critical thinking） Definitions “评判性的”不是指“