防抱死制动系统的反常现象 醉酒司机的问题外文翻译.docxVIP

英文原文 The antilock braking system anomaly: a drinking driver problem David W. Harless , George E. Hoffer Department of Economics, Virginia Commonwealth Uni_ersity, Box 844000, Richmond, VA 23284, USA Received 30 November 2000; received in revised form 19 February 2001; accepted 28 February 2001 An important anomaly with the incorporation of safety appliances into motor vehicles is the ineffectiveness – and even perverse effects – of antilock braking systems (ABS), particularly as measured by fatal crash involvement. Analyses of insurance claims in the US (Highway Loss Data Institute, 1994, 1995) showed no change in claim frequency after a set of GM vehicles adopted antilock brakes in 1992 despite engineering studies showing antilock brakes resulted in much better braking performance, especially on wet roads. Using the same group of GM vehicles, Farmer et al. (1997) found that adoption of ABS resulted in more 1993–1995 crashes resulting in the death of an ABS vehicle occupant. Another group of vehicles that adopted antilock brakes as early as 1985 were found to have been involved in both more fatal crashes resulting in the death of an ABS vehicle occupant and more involvements overall. These perverse effects were most evident in single-vehicle crashes. Updating the earlier paper with 1996–1998 data on the same two groups of vehicles, Farmer (2001) finds that the ABS-equipped vehicles no longer had a worse fatal accident involvement rate[16]. The ABS anomaly has sparked a large program of research at the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, the many components of which are described by Garrott and Mazzae (1999). Several explanations have been forwarded for the anomaly. First, consistent with the risk compensation hypothesis, the higher incidence of fatal crashes could be due to increased speed and aggressiveness by drivers of ABS equipped vehicles (Evans, 1995; Evans and Gerrish, 1996). Second, there may be problems with improper operation of ABS-equi