语法要点(一致关系).pptVIP

语法要点（一致关系） 一致关系 历年考题精选 一致关系 一致关系指句子成分之间须在人称、数、性等方面保持一致。在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语和谓语动词之间数的一致，即人们常说的主谓一致。其次，人称代词和它们所指称的对象之间也要保持一致。反意疑问句中，助动词与前一部分陈述句谓语的一致。 主谓一致 在现代英语中主谓一致有以下三个基本原则： 语法一致原则就是根据主语的语法形式决定其谓语动词的语法形式。主语是单数，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数形式。 To treat them in that way is unfair. Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your health. 意义一致原则指主谓语之间的一致关系是由主语所表达的意义来决定。形式是单数的主语，其谓语有可能是复数形式；反之，形式是复数的主语，其谓语有可能是单数。 The class are doing experiments on heat and light. Ten dollars is all I have left. 就近原则，指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。由either ... or或neither ... nor连接或者当一个句子是由there或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。 Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer. Either you or he was in the wrong. 上述三条原则的具体应用应注意以下几点： 谓语动词用单数的情况 1） 不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Reading without understanding is no use. 2）事件、国名、机构名称、作品名称用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 The United Nations was formed in 1945. 3）one, every, everyone, everybody, each, one of, many a, either, neither, no one, nobody, anyone, someone, somebody, more than one用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。 More than one person is going to lose his job. 但现在英美也有在neither of用作主语或修饰主语的句子中用复数形式的谓语动词。 Neither of the two girls are at home. 4）表示时间、距离、金钱、体积、重量、价值、数字等的词语用作主语表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。 Two weeks was too long. 5）单数词作主语，虽然后接由including, as well as, together with, in addition to, accompanied by等词连接的其它词，谓语动词仍用单数。 The mother, ratter than the brothers, is responsible. 6）a portion of, a series of, a kind of等词语修饰主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用单数。 A series of questions has appeared since the project started. 谓语动词用复数的情况 1）both, some, few, many, several等词语用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Both of them have gone to Shanghai on business. 2）形容词前加定冠词泛指时(the+形容词/ V-ing/ V-ed,表示一类人或物)，谓语动词用复数。 The unemployed are leading a hard life now. 其他情况 1）由and连接两个主语时，不作整体考虑，意义上也不指同一个人或物时，谓语动词一般用复数。 Your problem and mine are similar. 当and连接的词语作整体考虑，或在意义上指同一个人或物时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast. 当and连接的两个单数名词前面有each, every等词修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Each actor and actress was invited. 一个单数名词前有由and连接的两个形容词修饰时，谓语动词一般用复数。 Chin