商业应用统计英文版ch03.pptxVIP

Applied Statistics for BusinessDr xxxAssociate ProfessorSchool of Economics and ManagementxxxxApplied Business Statistics, 7th ed.by Ken BlackChapter 3DescriptiveStatisticsLearning ObjectivesDistinguish between measures of central tendency, measures of variability, measures of shape, and measures of association.Understand the meanings of mean, median, mode, quartile, percentile, and range.Compute mean, median, mode, percentile, quartile, range, variance, standard deviation, and mean absolute deviation on ungrouped data.Differentiate between sample and population variance and standard deviation.Learning Objectives -- ContinuedUnderstand the meaning of standard deviation as it is applied by using the empirical rule and Chebyshev’s theorem(切比雪夫定理).Compute the mean, median, standard deviation, and variance on grouped data.Understand box and whisker plots（箱线图，或者盒须图）, skewness, and kurtosis.Compute a coefficient of correlation and interpret it.Measures of Central Tendency:Ungrouped DataMeasures of central tendency yield information about “particular places or locations in a group of numbers.”Common Measures of LocationModeMedianMeanPercentilesQuartilesModeMode - the most frequently occurring value in a data setApplicable to all levels of data measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio)Can be used to determine what categories occur most frequentlySometimes, no mode exists (no duplicates)Bimodal – In a tie for the most frequently occurring value, two modes are listedMultimodal -- Data sets that contain more than two modesMedianMedian - middle value in an ordered array of numbers.Half the data are above it, half the data are below itMathematically, it’s the (n+1)/2 th ordered observationFor an array with an odd number of terms, the median is the middle numbern=11 = (n+1)/2 th = 12/2 th = 6th ordered observationFor an array with an even number of terms the median is the average of the middle two numbersn=10 = (n+1)/2 th = 11/2 th = 5.5th = average of 5th and 6th order