Chapter3数据挖掘数据仓库与OLAP概述.pptVIP

Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques 数据仓库与数据挖掘— 第3章 — 数据仓库与OLAP概述 第3章 数据仓库与OLAP技术概述 什么是数据仓库? 多维数据模型 数据仓库系统结构 数据仓库实现 从数据仓库到数据挖掘 什么是数据仓库? 有多种定义，但没有严格的定义. A decision support database that is maintained separately from the organization’s operational database Support information processing by providing a solid platform of consolidated, historical data for analysis. “数据仓库是一个面向主题的、集成的、时变的和非易失的数据集合 ，支持管理部门的决策过程。”—W. H. Inmon 数据仓库: The process of constructing and using data warehouses 面向主题的 Organized around major subjects, such as customer, product, sales Focusing on the modeling and analysis of data for decision makers, not on daily operations or transaction processing Provide a simple and concise view around particular subject issues by excluding data that are not useful in the decision support process 集成的 Constructed by integrating multiple, heterogeneous data sources relational databases, flat files, on-line transaction records Data cleaning and data integration techniques are applied. Ensure consistency in naming conventions, encoding structures, attribute measures, etc. among different data sources E.g., Hotel price: currency, tax, breakfast covered, etc. When data is moved to the warehouse, it is converted. 时变的 The time horizon for the data warehouse is significantly longer than that of operational systems Operational database: current value data Data warehouse data: provide information from a historical perspective (e.g., past 5-10 years) Every key structure in the data warehouse Contains an element of time, explicitly or implicitly But the key of operational data may or may not contain “time element” 非易失的 A physically separate store of data transformed from the operational environment Operational update of data does not occur in the data warehouse environment Does not require transaction processing, recovery, and concurrency control mechanisms Requires only two operations in data accessing: initial loading of data and access of data 数据仓库 vs. 异构DBMS 传统异构数据库集成: