压缩图形的编程语言（英文）Programming Languages for Compressing Graphics.ppt

Programming Languages for Compressing Graphics Morgan McGuire Shriram Krishnamurthi John F. Hughes Brown University { morgan | sk | jfh}@ Encoding Images as Programs Describing Images (1) setPixel(0,0,BLUE); setPixel(1,0,BLUE); setPixel(2,0,BLUE); … setPixel(50,0,WHITE); … setPixel(100,0,RED); setPixel(101,0,RED); … The Cost of Bandwidth Major cost of doing business on the web Yahoo!: 65,000,000 pages/day Valve: 1M €/software patch Image compression is a one-shot activity Low vs. high bandwidth users Multiresolution Describing Images (2) repeat 50 times setNextPixel(BLUE); repeat 50 times setNextPixel(WHITE); repeat 50 times setNextPixel(RED); nextRow(); repeat 50 times setNextPixel(BLUE); … American Flag Adding More Primitives drawRectangle(BLUE, …); drawRectangle(RED, …); drawRectangle(WHITE, …); drawStar(WHITE, …); … Describing Complex Images Describing Complex Images Observations Images are programs Even within one language, many possible descriptions produce similar images Lossy compression Description length depends on language and image complexity Best compression when the language matches the image The Obvious Compression Scheme Compress the image in several formats TGA, GIF, JPG, SVG, SWF Choose the best Add a byte to the front of the file specifying the compression language Problems with the Obvious Scheme None of the formats may be particularly good for our image Even JPEG tops out around 50:1, has serious artifacts Lacking ideal features like: Multiresolution Time/Space tradeoff Introduction of new formats requires new browser plug-ins Describing Complex Images Using an Expressive Language Using an Expressive Language What if we design a really expressive language for representing images? Because the “data” is a program the decompressor is part of the “data” Each image gets its own custom format High compression We have control over multiresolution, perceptual artifacts Package for the web as a plug-in We only need to upgrade the plug-in when the langua