某货车双前桥转向系统优化设计毕业论文.docx

某货车双前桥转向系统优化设计摘要随着我国商用汽车向大型化、重型化发展的趋势，大吨位及超大吨位汽车发展很快。为此，在汽车底盘设计上需要通过增加汽车的车轴来适应大吨位车辆的需求，于是出现了双桥或更多桥转向的车辆，使得对多桥转向系统的分析与研究变得日益重要。本文在参考相关研究资料的基础上，将双前桥转向系统看作空间几何结构，利用空间几何的方法建立了包含摇臂机构和转向梯形机构在内的双前桥转向系统的数学模型。分析了双前桥转向汽车在转向过程中实际的内、外轮转角与理想的内、外轮转角之间的偏差，提出了优化设计的思想。将根据空间几何方法得到的各轮实际转角值与理论转角值误差达到最小作为目标函数，空间布置作为约束条件，根据转角范围确定加权函数，对转向系统的摇臂机构和转向梯形机构进行优化设计，得到合理的双前桥转向机构的参数。使双前桥转向汽车在转向过程中，各转向轮的转角相互关系尽量接近理想关系，减少转向时轮胎的磨损。关键词：双前桥；转向系统；MATLAB；优化设计Optimization Design Of Double-front Axle Steering System Of The TruckAbstractWith the oversize and heavy-duty commercial vehicle developing, large-tonnage and super large-tonnage vehicle have developed rapidly. Therefore, the research and analysis of the multi-axle steering system kinematics become more and more important with double axles steering or multi-axle steering commercial vehicle coming out.Based on some research date,the double-front axle steering system was seen as spatial geometry, the mathematical model which includes rocking arm mechanism and steering trapezium mechanism is established by space geometry method. The deviationbetween the actual inside and outer corner and ideal inside and outer corner of the double front axle steering car was analyzed when steering. Considering the difference between the real steering angle from wheels and the ideal steering angle from the ideal formula as the objective function, spatial arrangement as constraints, angle range to determine the weighting functions, the optimization design method of double-front axle steering system. When double-front axle steeringvehicle is steering, the relationship between steering wheeling angles should be as close to the ideal relationship to decrease friction of tires.Key words：Double-front axles, Steering system, MATLAB, Optimization design第一章绪论1.1课题研究的目的和意义随着汽车运输业的发展，人们对重型载货汽车的功率、承载能力提出了更高的要求。近年来，重型载货车的吨位逐渐增大，车辆的载货量不断增多，出现了一系列大型、重型载货车辆车型[1]。人们期望一种载货能力强，对路面破坏小的重型汽车。而这是难以通过单纯地增加单个轴的承载能力，降低整车质量来实现的。为此，在汽车设计上需要通过增加汽车的轴数来适应大吨位汽车的需求，于是出现了三轴甚至更多轴的车型[2-3]。随着国民经济的高速发展，全国各地区