康辉《数据库系统概念》教学课件7.pptVIP

Copyright: Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan Chapter 8: Application Design and Development Chapter 8: Application Design and Development User Interfaces and Tools Most database users do not use a query language like SQL. Forms Graphical user interfaces Report generators Data analysis tools (see Chapter 18) Many interfaces are Web-based Back-end (Web server) uses such technologies as Java servlets Java Server Pages (JSP) Active Server Pages (ASP) The World Wide Web A formatted report Web Interfaces to Databases Web Interfaces to Database (Cont.) Uniform Resources Locators HTML and HTTP HTTP会话和Cookies 信息服务需要会话信息 例如用户权限只在一次会话时授予 解决方案：cookie Cookie是包含确认信息的小片文本 在第一次连接时由服务器发送给浏览器 由浏览器将创建的Cookie发送给服务器 服务器保留它收到的Cookie，并在响应请求时使用 例如用户授权信息，用户偏好等 Sample HTML Source Text Display of Sample HTML Source Client Side Scripting and Applets Browsers can fetch certain scripts (client-side scripts) or programs along with documents, and execute them in “safe mode” at the client site Javascript Macromedia Flash and Shockwave for animation/games VRML Applets Client-side scripts/programs allow documents to be active E.g., animation by executing programs at the local site E.g. ensure that values entered by users satisfy some correctness checks Permit flexible interaction with the user. Executing programs at the client site speeds up interaction by avoiding many round trips to server Client Side Scripting and Security Web Servers Java Applets Three-Tier Web Architecture 通用网关接口：CGI Two-Tier Web Architecture HTTP and Sessions The HTTP protocol is connectionless That is, once the server replies to a request, the server closes the connection with the client, and forgets all about the request In contrast, Unix logins, and JDBC/ODBC connections stay connected until the client disconnects retaining user authentication and other information Motivation: reduces load on server operating systems have tight limits on number of open connections on a machine Information services need session informatio