数字电子技术Lecture13.pptVIP

EI205 Lecture 13 Dianguang Ma Fall 2008 Chapter 13 INTERFACING 13-1 DIGITAL AND ANALOG INTERFACING Analog signals. An analog signal is a continuous function of continuous time. Let’s take the case of a voltage that varies over a range from 0 to r volts. The analog representation of this quantity can take all values between 0 to r volts. Digital signals. A digital signal is a discrete function of discrete time. The digital representation of the voltage can take only one of 2n possible values (e.g., 16 voltage levels) at the time instants nT (e.g., T = 10-3 sec). To interface between the analog and digital world, two basic processes are required: analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion and digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion. The A/D process consists of sampling, quantization, and coding. An A/D converter is characterized by converting an analog quantity into a digital code. Continuous time is discretized through sampling. The analog signal is periodically measured every T seconds. Continuous value is discretized through quantization. The sampled value is replaced by the nearest quantization levels. Using n-bit codes to represent the quantized values is called coding. A D/A converter converts a digital code into an analog quantity. 13-2 DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERSION Consider a n-bit DAC with full-scale range r, as shown below. Given n inputs bits of 0s and 1s, the converter outputs an analog value xQ. That lies on one of the 2n quantization levels within the range r. If the converter is unipolar, the output falls in the range [0, r). If it is bipolar, it falls in [-r/2, r/2). The Unipolar Binary Converter The manner in which the input bits are associated with the analog output depends on the type of converter and the coding convention used. The three widely used types are: Unipolar natural binary Bipolar binary Bipolar two’s complement The unipolar natural binary converter is the simplest. Its output is computed in terms of the input bits by: The Unipolar Binary Converter A