Environmental Science环境科学.pptVIP

Environmental Science A. Prof. Wang Xiuheng xiuheng@hit.edu.cn energy Simple matter + energy = complex matter Human technology development and higher living standards demand on fuel exploitation Contents Trace development of energy consumption Source of energy and its impact Nuclear energy Patterns of Energy Consumption OUTLINE History of Energy Consumption Industrial Revolution Role of the Automobile How Energy is Used Electrical Energy Energy Consumption in China History of Energy Consumption Biological Energy Sources Initial energy transfer occurs through photosynthesis. Very early in history humans began to exploit additional energy sources to make life more comfortable. Early civilizations used human muscle power as their primary energy source. Energy provided by burning wood enabled people to cook food, heat living areas, and even develop primitive metallurgy. Dense, rapidly growing settlements quickly outstripped wood production, thus new fuel sources had to be utilized. By 1890, coal had replaced wood as the primary energy source. Fossil Fuels During the Carboniferous period, (286-362 mya) conditions were right for the build-up of large deposits of plants, animals, and microorganisms. This led to the formation of fossil fuel deposits. Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution - Machines replaced human and animal labor in the manufacture and transportation of goods. Steam engines converting heat energy into forward motion Countries or regions without large coal deposits were consequently left behind. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, goods were manufactured on a small scale in private homes. Expanding factories needed larger labor pools, thus people began congregating around factories and cities. Within 200 years, daily per capita energy consumption of industrialized nations increased eight fold. Increased levels of air pollution. Within a span of 200 years, the daily per capita energy consumption of industrialized nations increased eight fold. WWII s