urineformation实验课件.pptVIP

Factors influencing urine formation Purpose : To observe influencing factors on urine volume and analyze the mechanisms . To review the way to collect urine, and to learn the usage of bladder cannula . Principles: The urine formation includes 3 steps: (1).glomerular filtration, (2). tubular reabsorption of the filtrate and (3) tubular secretion. The power of filtration in renal glomerulus is effective filtration pressure (EFP). There are 3 main factors that can affect EFP: Glomerular Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure Bowmans capsule Hydrostatic Pressure. The glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (PGC) is a force favoring filtration; The fluid in Bowmans capsule exerts a pressure (PBC) that opposes this filtration. The colloid osmostic pressure (πGC) is another opposing force. Urinary excretion rate of a substance is equal to the rate at which the substance is filtered minus its reabsorption rate plus the rate at which it is secreted from the tubular capillary blood into the tubules. The processes of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption are very large relative to urinary excretion for many substances. This means that a small change in glomerular filtration or tubular reabsorption can cause a relatively large change in urinary excretion. Factors influencing the reabsorption are mainly: ①concentration of the substance in the tubule fluid. ②humoral factors: eg. arterenol (NE), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), etc. ③neural factors: sympathetic nerve. ④autoregulation. Factors influence the excreting urine in renal tubule and collecting duct include the concentration of solution and antidiuretic in renal tubule. If the concentration of solution in renal tubule↑, the reabsorption of water↓, and urine volume↑. The antidiuretic can promote the reabsorption of water in renal tubule and collect duct and decrease urine volume. Materials Equipments: surgical instruments, operating table