情绪 Emotion （英文版）.pptVIP

Happiness is... Researchers Have Found That Happy People Tend to Have high self-esteem (in individualistic countries) Be optimistic, outgoing, and agreeable Have close friendships or a satisfying marriage Have work and leisure that engage their skills Have a meaningful religious faith Sleep well and exercise However, Happiness Seems Not Much Related to Other Factors, Such as Age Gender (women are more often depressed, but also more often joyful) Education levels Parenthood (having children or not) Physical attractiveness Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY  Chapter 13 Emotion Emotion Emotion a response of the whole organism physiological arousal expressive behaviors conscious experience Theories of Emotion Does your heart pound because you are afraid... or are you afraid because you feel your heart pounding? James-Lange Theory of Emotion Experience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli Fear (emotion) Pounding heart (arousal) Sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus) Cannon-BardTheory of Emotion Emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger: physiological responses subjective experience of emotion Sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus) Pounding heart (arousal) Fear (emotion) Schachter’s Two-Factor Theory of Emotion To experience emotion one must: be physically aroused cognitively label the arousal Cognitive label “I’m afraid” Fear (emotion) Sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus) Pounding heart (arousal) Cognition and Emotion The brain’s shortcut for emotions Two Routes to Emotion Two Dimensions of Emotion Positive valence Negative valence High arousal Low arousal pleasant relaxation joy sadness fear anger Emotion and Physiology Autonomic nervous system controls physiological arousal Sympathetic division (arousing) Pupils dilate Decreases Perspires Increases Accelerates Inhibits Secrete stress hormones Parasympathetic division