中国对外贸易小论文1.doc

《中国对外贸易概论》课程论文 安徽工业大学 经济学院 国际经济与贸易专业 姓名：张海波 学号：109114030 班级：国贸101 日期：国庆期间 当前我国发展对外贸易的指导理论 与对外贸易战略制定之我见 摘要：改革开放三十年来,我国对外贸易发生了,我国的对外贸易政策也不断变化,对外贸易额不断攀升对我国经济发展做出巨大贡献。但是我国长期以来“发展出口贸易”乃至“出口创汇”为核心的外贸指导思想的负面效应逐渐显现。因而以改革开放30年为契机,总结我国对外开放的成败得失,思考对外开放政策的未来走向,显得尤为必要。Abstract: reform and opening up 30 years, Chinas foreign trade strategy had dramatically conversion, Chinas foreign trade policy is also constantly change, increasing of foreign trade, to the development of Chinas economy has made great contribution to. But, China for a long time to the development of export trade and export as the core of the foreign trade the guiding ideology of the negative effect appears gradually. With the knowledge economy and technology innovation as the guidance of the advancement of the economic globalization, the international trade for each country economic engine function cannot be mentioned in the same breath, the international market competition also becomes more and more fierce, its form and content has also had the profound changes, long-term guiding Chinas foreign trade strategy theory of comparative advantage is no longer adapt to the international and domestic situation changes, and restricts the further development of the economy. Therefore, to reform and opening up 30 years as a turning point, summarizes the gain and loss of the success or failure of our country to open to the outside, thinking about the future direction of the opening-up policy, it is necessary. 关键词：改革开放；贸易战略；比较优势；不适应性；竞争优势战略 改革开放三十年来, 我国对外贸易迅速发展, 规模不断扩大, 在世界贸易中的地位不断上升, 推动了国民经济的持续和稳定增长。1978年, 我国进出口总额为206 . 4 亿美元, 到 2007 年, 我国进出口总额已达到1738 . 3亿美元。我国对外贸易的发展模式引起了举世瞩目。然而,这一模式在我国成为贸易大国之后也面临着巨大的挑战而不得不有所调整。 改革开放之前, 我国实施的是进口替代战略, 这一点并无太多异议。针对我国实施进口替代战略所带来的一些问题,国内不少学者提出, 我国应该采取出口导向战略,但是也有一些学者对出口导向战略在我国的适用性提出了质疑。在进口替代和出口导向战略的争论 中, 国内多数学者提出了中间战略, 即混合型贸易战略,不同学者的具体提法还包括: 平衡战略、 综合战略等。对外贸易是我国整体经济发展的有机组成部分, 它必须服从和服务于经济发展的总体战略目标, 并据此制订对外经济贸易发展的战略目标。1979年底党中央提 出了“翻两番， 三步走”的战略规划。在此背景下, 对外贸易发展战略是服从和服务于整个国民经济翻两番的总体目标而制订的。对于实现第一步而