18年届高考语法精讲：动词时态和语态.docVIP

动词的时态和语态 各种时态构成表：（以 do 为例） 1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。 （1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes （2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：carry→carries （3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches，finish→finishes 2．功能： 1）表现在的事实、状态或动作。例如： ①I have a dream. ②She loves music. ③Marys parents get up very early. （2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与 often，sometimes，usually，always，every week，occasionally，frequently，seldom 等时间副词连用。例如： ①I always take a walk after supper. ②She writes to me very often. ③She is an English teacher. （3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实。例如： ①The earth moves around the sun. ②The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. ③Two and two makes four. ④ No man but errs. （4）表示将来发生的动作： A．在由 when，after, before，as，as soon as，although，because，if，even if，in case，till，until，unless，as long as，where，whatever，wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。例如： ① Ill tell her when she comes tomorrow. ② Even if it rains this afternoon, Ill meet you. ③Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed. ④ Ill be right here waiting for you wherever you go. B．按时间表将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。例如： ①The play begins at 6:30 this evening. ②When does the plane take off? ③He leaves for that city next week. ④According to the timetable, the train starts at 9 o’clock. 二．一般过去时：动词的过去式 1．表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。例如： ①We visited the school last spring. ②I went to school by bike when I was in middle school. ③China was founded in 1949. 2．在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。例如： ①She told me she would’t go with us if it rained the next day. ②They would not leave until she came back. ③His girlfriend promised to marry him once he bought her a big house. 三．一般将来时：shall / will + 动词原形 1．表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。例如： ①He will graduate from the college next year. ②We shall finish our work as quickly as possible. 2．将来时的其它结构。 例如： I .is/am/are going to do sth.（美国口语中常读作 be gonna） ①Im going to buy a new car this fall. ②He is going to sell his house. 注意：be going to 与 will 的对比：下列情况须用 will ①I will be sixteen years old next year. ②It will be the 20th of August tomorrow. ③When he c