空间统计与建模汇.pptVIP

课程提纲 第一讲：概论（2节） 第二讲：探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)（4节） 第三讲：空间点模式分析（4节） 第四讲：网络分析（2节） 第五讲：空间格数据分析（2节） 第六讲：空间插值/地统计（2节） 第七讲：空间回归（4节） 第八讲：扫描统计量（2节） 第九章：多水平模型（2节） 第十讲：空间建模（4节） Some history Regression (Galton, Bartlett) Mining engineers (Krige 1951, Matheron, 60s) Spatial models (Whittle, 1954) Forestry (Matérn, 1960) Objective analysis (Grandin, 1961) More recent work Cressie (1993), Stein (1999) 第一讲 概论 一、什么是空间统计 二、空间统计 VS. 经典统计 三、为什么要用空间统计 四、空间/属性数据的类型 五、空间统计分析方法与框架 六、空间统计陷阱 七、模型分类 八、空间统计工具 一、什么是空间统计（what） Identifying “Hot Spots” 空间数据spatial data Spatial Data： Such data can be the structure of biological cells, the distribution of plants and animals in a geographic region, the occurrence of diseases in a county or state, economic data in different administrative districts, climate data such as temperature or precipitation over geographic regions, and the distribution of galaxies in space. Spatial data often are not independent. — Temperature and precipitation measurements at two locations that are 10 km apart will be more similar than such measurements at two locations that are 1000 km or even 100 km apart. — Infectious diseases often occur in spatial clusters. One region of a country may encounter hundreds of cases while another region may encounter only very few cases. If there is an additional temporal component, we speak of spatio-temporal data. 空间数据(spatial data)： Throughout this class, we will be dealing with a two-dimensional area of interest, and not the spatio-temporal data, but only the spatial data. 统计Statistics “Statistics, the science of uncertainty, attempts to model order in disorder.” — Cressie (1991，p.1) 空间统计 Spatial Statistics Spatial Statistics = Spatial Data + Statistics Definition: A distinction may be made between spatial statistics and statistics in general. The most obvious difference is that spatial statistics are used to analyze data which have a spatial location. Spatial statistics give explicit cons