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Price Elasticity of Demand In Figure 4.1(a), an increase in supply brings A large fall in price A small increase in the quantity demanded Price Elasticity of Demand In Figure 4.1(b), an increase in supply brings A small fall in price A large increase in the quantity demanded Price Elasticity of Demand The contrast between the two outcomes in Figure 4.1 highlights the need for A measure of the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to a price change. The price elasticity of demand is a units-free measure of the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good to a change in its price when all other influences on buyers’ plans remain the same. Price Elasticity of Demand Calculating Elasticity The price elasticity of demand is calculated by using the formula: Percentage change in quantity demanded Percentage change in price Price Elasticity of Demand To calculate the price elasticity of demand: We express the change in price as a percentage of the average price—the average of the initial and new price, and we express the change in the quantity demanded as a percentage of the average quantity demanded—the average of the initial and new quantity. Price Elasticity of Demand Figure 4.2 calculates the price elasticity of demand for pizza. The price initially is $20.50 and the quantity demanded is 9 pizzas an hour. Price Elasticity of Demand The price falls to $19.50 and the quantity demanded increases to 11 pizzas an hour. Price Elasticity of Demand The average price is $20 and the average quantity demanded is 10 pizzas an hour. Price Elasticity of Demand The percentage change in quantity demanded, %DQ, is calculated as DQ/Qave, which is 2/10 = 1/5. The percentage change in price, %DP, is calculated as DP/Pave, which is $1/$20 = 1/20. Price Elasticity of Demand The price elasticity of demand is %DQ/ %DP = (1/5)/(1/20) = 20/5 = 4. Price Elasticity of Demand By using the average price and average quantity, we get the same elasticity value regardless of whet
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