修辞学第11章2010-.pptVIP

Chapter 11 Logical Figures of Speech 11.1 Allegory寓言/讽喻 Greek word allegoria, which means “speaking otherwise”. Allegory is a story either in verse or in prose with a double meaning: surface meaning—a story, and under-the-surface meaning—a hidden truth. “The Farmer and the Snake” 郑人有欲买履者，先自度其足而置之其坐。至之市，而忘操之。已得履，乃曰： “吾忘持度”，反归取之。及反，市罢，遂不得履。人曰：“何不试之以足？”曰：“宁信度，无自信也。”（韩非子《郑人买履》） In allegories, names of the characters and places are often symbols of certain qualities. In Banyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, from the names of the characters “Christian”, “Mr. Blind-man”, ‘Mr. No-good”, the names of places “Vanity Fair”, “Celestial City”, we can easily understand the meaning behind these names. 愚公，智叟 11.2 Allusion典故 It is a casual, brief and implicit reference to a famous historical or literary figure or a well-known historical event. 1) She sat there all night as silent as the sphinx. 2) If you take his parking place, you can expect World War II all over again. 他摆的是鸿门宴，你还是小心为妙。 空城计，牛郎织女，天仙配 Students of foreign languages may not be familiar with the persons, things or events that the native speaker takes for granted, and they may often be puzzled by such allusions. 11.3 Hyperbole（夸张） Hyperbole, Greek, ‘exceed’, popularly known as exaggeration or over-statement. 操吴戈兮披犀甲， 车错毂兮短兵接。 旌蔽日兮敌若云， 矢交坠兮士争先。——屈原《国殇》 赤蚁若象， 玄蜂若壶些。——屈原《招魂》 Hyperbole distorts the truth by saying too much, but it is different from telling lies. The speaker has no intention to tell lies but to express his strong feeling. It made my hair stand on end. 毛骨悚然，怒发冲冠，热血沸腾 1. By the use of numerals 1) Thanks a million. 2) The two sisters are different in a thousand and one ways. 千恩万谢，千方百计，于百万军中取上将首级 2. By the use of extreme words 1) I was scared to death. 2) Polly, I love you. Youre the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 3. By the use of adjectives and adverbs 1) He has an encyclopedical knowledge of Chinese medicine. 2) He is a terrific shot of the basket ball team. 4. By the use of superlative degr