07激素通过细胞膜受体的调节作用2004(2).pptVIP

QUESTION How do various cells in an multicellur organism coordinate with each other? How an extracellular signal, such as a hormone, influence intracellular events? Definition Cell signaling细胞信号传递: Cells use a variety of different receptor(受体） proteins to receive and respond to signals from the external environment . The binding of the signaling molecule（such as a hormone，growth factor，or neurotransmitter（激素、生长因子、神经递质等）） to the receptor results in a cascade of enzymatic reactions（级联酶促反应） inside the cell that constitutes the appropriate response to the signal. 通过质膜受体及第二信使的信号传导(Ⅰ) Signal transduction Through Plasma Membrane Receptor and second messenger(Ⅰ) When an external signal , such as a hormone, binds a receptor protein on the plasma membrane. The conformation（构象）of the receptor molecule undergoes a change , transducing the message into the cell through a specific pathway , performing its regulatory function. 外部信号分子（如：激素）与受体结合，受体构象改变, 再通过特异的途径将信息传递到细胞内, 实现调节功能。 （一） cAMP-蛋白激酶途径 cAMP-Proteinkinase Pathway ----（腺苷酸环化酶体系）adenylate cyclase system Some Hormones go through this pathway: eg: Glucagon(胰高血糖素) Adrenalin / Epinephrine (肾上腺素) Antidiuretin (抗利尿激素,ADH) 信息传递简式： 1. 受体、G蛋白和腺苷酸环化酶  Receptor，G-Protein and Adenylate Cyclase Seven membrane-spanning α helics receptor B. Trimeric G-Protein （三聚体G蛋白） ?-subunit Stimulatory G Protein(激活型G蛋白) Inhibitory G Protein(抑制型G蛋白) 2. cAMP和蛋白激酶A cAMP and Protein kinase A cAMP 第二信使的特点： 小分子 其浓度变化就是信号 其浓度受合成酶和水解酶活性的影响 Protein kinase A(蛋白激酶A) : Is a cAMP–dependent protein kinase 依赖cAMP的蛋白激酶 cAMP is its allosteric activator cAMP是蛋白激酶A的变构激活剂。 蛋白激酶A的作用 ： (1)It can regulate cell metabolism by phosphorylation of specific committed enzyme in matabolic pathway. 通过对代谢途径的关键酶磷酸化，调节代谢 (2)It can regulate specific gene expression,cellular secretion and membrane permeability. 对基因表达、细胞分泌、细胞膜通透性等进行调节。