A Study on Culture based on Hofstede’s Value Dimensions.doc

A Study on Culture based on Hofstede’s Value Dimensions In accordance with the theory of Hofstedes cultural dimensions cultural differences between countries can be grouped into five different dimensions are as follows: Power Distance (PD)；Individualism (IDV)；Masculinity (MAS)；Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)；Long Term Orientation (LTO). Power Distance (PD) ：This refers to the degree of inequality that exists and is accepted among people with and without power. A high PD score society accepts an unequal distribution of power and people understand their place in the system. Low PD power is shared and well dispersed. It also means that society members view themselves as equals. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a societys level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power and inequality, of course, are extremely fundamental facts of any society and anybody with some international experience will be aware that all societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others .of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. This dimension measures how much the less powerful members of institutions and organizations expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. In cultures with low power distance (e.g. Ireland, Austria, Australia, Denmark, New Zealand), people expect and accept power relations that are more consultative or democratic. Subordinates are more comfortable with and demand the right to contribute to and critique the decisions of those in power. Individualism (IDV) : This refers to the strength of the ties people have to others within the community. A high IDV score indicates a loose connection with people. In countries with a high IDV score there is a lack of interpersonal connection and little sharing of responsibility, beyond family and perhaps a few close friends. A society with a low IDV score would have strong group cohes