西方文化—Halloween.pptVIP

Halloween Halloween (or Hallowe’en) is a holiday celebrated on October 31, particularly in the United States where it has been heavily commercialized. It has roots in the Celtic festival of Samhain and the Christian holy day of All Saints. As a result it is considered a time when the barrier between the physical realm and the spirit world is open, allowing the spirits of the dead to come to earth, possibly causing problems for the living. It has roots in the Celtic festival of Samhain(萨温节) and the Christian holy day of All Saints. It is considered a time when the barrier between the physical realm and the spirit world is open, allowing the spirits of the dead to come to earth, possibly causing problems for the living. Celts（凯尔特人）, a people of Iron Age （铁器时代）and Roman-era Europe who spoke a Celtic language Celts (modern), the modern Celtic identity Celtic nations, the modern territories in North-West Europe where Celtic languages and cultural traits（特征） have survived Celtic Empire (appr. 275 B.C.E.) Celtic peoples:yellow core Hallstatt territory, light green: by the 6th century BCE ?????maximal Celtic expansion, by 275 BCE ?????blue: Lusitanian area of Iberia where Celtic presence is uncertain ????green:?the six Celtic nations which retained significant numbers of Celtic speakers into the Early Modern period?dark green:??areas where Celtic languages remain widely spoken today Etymology（词源学） The term “Halloween” is shortened from “All Hallows‘ Even” (both “even” and “eve” are abbreviations（缩写） of evening, but Halloween gets its n from even) as it is the eve of All Hallows Day, which is now also known as All Saints Day. Pumpkin Jack-o‘-lantern（空心南瓜灯） carved from a turnip（芜菁，蔓菁）. On Hallows‘ eve, the Celts would place a skeleton on their window sill（窗台） to represent the departed（死去的）. Believing that the head was the most powerful part of the body, containing the spirit and its knowledge, the Celts also used the head of a vegetable to frighten off any evil spiri