几内亚贸易政策审议秘书处报告摘要-中英文.docVIP

SUMMARY 概要 During the period covered by its Fourth Trade Policy Review (TPR), Guinea introduced a number of reforms that helped to improve its economic situation. The adoption of a new Mining Code, the implementation of targeted measures in the agricultural sector, and the revival of hydroelectric power generation all helped to improve the attractiveness of the Guinean economy, which is heavily dependent on mining resources. As a result, the annual GDP growth rate, less than 2% in 2010, rose to over 5% in 2011 and 2012 before gradually subsiding to 3.5% in 2015 owing to problems in the mining sector, aggravated in 2015 by the Ebola epidemic, which seriously hampered economic activity. With the end of the epidemic in 2016, mining activities recovered and the agricultural sector began to perform well. 1．在第四次贸易政策审议（TPR）期间，几内亚出台了一系列有助于改善其经济状况的改革措施：采用了新的《采矿法规》、在农业部门实施有针对性的措施以及恢复水力发电等，几内亚的经济主要依赖于矿产资源，这些措施都有助于提升其经济的吸引力。因此，几内亚的国内生产总值年增长率从2010年的不到2％上升到2011年和2012年的5％以上，2015年由于采矿领域问题逐渐下降到3.5％，2015年埃博拉疫情加剧，严重阻碍了经济活动。随着2016年疫情结束，采矿活动恢复，农业部门开始表现良好。 On the macroeconomic front, the tightening of monetary policy, including the decision to halt the Central Banks financing of the budget deficit, brought the inflation rate down from 21% in 2011 to 8% in 2016. This was due in part to a budgetary policy that sought to optimize revenue collection while eliminating lowpriority expenditure, so that in spite of the sharp fall in the world prices of Guineas raw materials exports, the budget deficit had all but disappeared by 2016. However, owing to the sharp inequalities in the countrys wealth distribution, the level of poverty remains a concern. Though there has been a slight improvement, the UNDP Human Development Index remains low, and Guinea is still in the group of least developed countries. Its economy is essentially dependent on the mining sector, with bauxite, gold, iron and diamonds accounting for approximately 95% of its goods and services export revenue. 2．在宏观经济方面，紧缩的货币政策，包括中止中央