细胞生物学1-3-七年制.pptVIP

2、细胞生物学的研究内容 以细胞为研究对象，结构与功能相结合，关注细胞间的相互关系。 胡克所用的显微镜及观察的栎树细胞壁 第三节 细胞生物学与医学科学 一、细胞生物学与医学的关系 细胞生物学是现代医学的基础和支柱学科。 细胞生物学的研究内容与医学科学的结合产生了医 学细胞生物学； 医学细胞生物学是医学院校学生重要的基础医学课 程之一。 + 2002年，英国人悉尼·布雷诺尔、美国人罗伯特·霍维茨和英国人约翰·苏尔斯顿，因在器官发育的遗传调控和细胞程序性死亡方面的研究获诺贝尔诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 Sydney Brenner 2003年，美国科学家彼得·阿格雷和罗德里克·麦金农，分别因对细胞膜水通道，离子通道结构和机理研究而获诺贝尔化学奖。 生命科学的发展需要您的参与！ 原核细胞 ■ 细菌(bacteria) ■ 支原体(mycoplasma) a. Different triplets of nucleotides encode specific amino acids. The codes and the types of amino acids they encode are virtually the same in all living organisms. This evidence strongly suggests that all present-day living things have descended from a single line of primitive cells. b.One of the crucial events leading to the formation of the first cell must have been the development of an out membrane. However, there is a fundamental difference between the primitive cells and any other present-day living cells: the hereditary information in all cells alive today is stored in DNA rather than the RNA that is thought to have stored the information in primitive cells. RNA molecules are still here in present-day cells, but they just carry/transfer genetic message. c. Precedent conditions for procaryote formation: formation of defined membrane; genetic information encoded by DNA RNA-directed protein synthesis and organelle/ribosome assembled proteins. Critical differences between procaryotic and eucaryotic cells should be well remembered. d. Multicellular organisms can be formed when Single cells are associated with each other to form colonies; Cohesions occur between cells and between cells and extracellular matrix; Cell differentiation. specialization takes place to exhibit more than 200 distinct cell types such as nerve, muscle and connective tissue cells as well as a large number of their subtly different varieties. 第三章 细胞生物学的研究方法和策略 第一节 显微成像技术 在光学显微镜中，照明系统是可见光，使用的是玻璃透镜系统，可直接通过目镜观察镜像。 在电子显微镜中，照明系统为电子束，使用电磁透镜，通过荧光屏观察样品的镜像。 一、光学显微镜 分辨率(r