教学论Unit 11.pptVIP

Unit TenTeaching Reading What is reading? 1.Reading is an active process , during which the reader tries to understand the meaning Of a given text. 2. Reading is the ability to understand the written words and respond to them in proper ways. 3. Reading means getting the meaning of a given text. How do we read? Francis Bacon has said, some books are to be tasted , others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. Reading aloud and silent reading What do effective readers do ? 1. have a clear purpose; 2. have adequate knowledge of grammar; 3. have sufficient amount of vocabulary; 4. have relevant background knowledge’ 5. have automatic decoding skills( quick recognition of vocabulary and grammar); 6. have reading strategies( skimming, scanning, inferring, rectorical structures) Six types of knowledge to make sense of the text 1. syntactic knowledge; 2. morphological knowledge; 3. general word knowledge; 4. sociocultural knowledge; 5. topic knowledge; 6. genre knowledge. Obstacles of influencing comprehension 1. lexical and syntactical errors; 2. meaning “ between the lines”; A woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle. 3. Anaphoric expressions; 4. Non-linguistic information; Shall I compare thrr to a summer’s day? 5. Different ways of thinking and expression. Reading skills 1. Inferring means making use of syntactic, logical and cultural clues to discover the meaning of unknown elements. These may be the writer ‘s opinions and attitudes which are not directly stated in the text. The writer’s specific choices of words or language types may ref;ect his real meaning. We often call this skill” reading between the lines”. Reading skills 2. Using knowledge about rhetorical structures: A normal text is not a random collection of sentences. Rather it has a unity, and its components-----sentences, groups of sentences and paragraphs---a