基于单端暂态行波时频分析的线路故障测距方法分析-analysis of line fault location method based on single-ended transient traveling wave time-frequency analysis.docxVIP
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基于单端暂态行波时频分析的线路故障测距方法分析-analysis of line fault location method based on single-ended transient traveling wave time-frequency analysis
摘要随着电网的大规模加速建设,其安全稳定运行面临新的挑战。输配电线路作为电网的骨架,其枢纽作用日益凸显,快速、准确、可靠地进行故障测距以及时恢复供电,具有重要的社会效益和经济价值。线路故障中的80%以上是单相接地故障,且绝大多数是瞬时性故障,特别是在配电网小电流接地系统中,还存在着检测信号偏小、故障电弧不稳定等问题,传统基于故障稳态量的测距方法会受限。基于故障暂态量的测距方法利用丰富的故障暂态信息,具有响应速度快和准确度高等优点。以行波法尤为突出,但仍存在行波波头识别困难、波速难以确定等不足影响其测距可靠性和准确性。且对配电网而言,往往只在母线处装有PT、CT 量测装置,单端测距更具优势。因此,深入研究故障暂态行波时频域特征信息,开发性能优良的单端测距方法,进一步发展和完善行波故障测距技术具有较大的理论意义和实用价值。本文首先结合相模变换分析了辐射状架空配电线路发生单相接地故障后的暂态行波特征。其次,根据分布参数线路象函数模型,推导故障后电压电流的象函数表达式,并通过求解该表达式的特征公式,得到行波特征频率和故障距离的数学关系式。同时,简要介绍线路参数的频变特性及行波的色散,为后文的故障测距奠定了理论基础。本文在考虑暂态行波频率特征对行波波头到达时刻及传播速度影响的基础上,提出一种基于单端暂态行波时域特征的配电线路单相接地故障测距方法:根据模量行波在故障点的交叉透射特征实现故障区段的判别;利用连续小波变换的Lipschitz指数将暂态行波波头到达时刻及传播速度匹配起来,完成故障测距;对由故障距离随机、采样频率有限所带来的故障测距截断误差进行分析并修正,优化测距结果。本文在EMTDC 中搭建了仿真模型,并通过MATLAB计算,验证了该方法的正确性。同时,本文比较了提取故障行波特征频率的DFT、复小波变换和矩阵束法在输电线路单端故障测距上的适用性及其优缺点,并根据奇异值差分谱对矩阵束法进行了改进。进一步提出一种考虑配电网零模网络特征频带(SFB)性质的特征主频单端测距方法。通过改进矩阵束法,从采样信息中提取SFB内的主频,实现配电线路单相接地故障测距。通过EMTDC仿真实验,验证了该方法的正确性。关键词:暂态行波,时频分析,特征频率,故障测距ABSTRACTWiththeacceleratedconstructionofpowergrid,itisbecomingincreasingly prominentforpowertransmissionanddistributionnetworkbeingthepivotalroles, whichhaveimportanteconomicvalueandsocialbenefitstoquicklyandaccurately locate fault andrestorepower.Distributionnetworkfaultinthe80%aboveisthesinglephasegroundingfault, andmostofthemtransientfaultandthesteadycurrentweakfeatureisnotobviousafter singlephasetogroundfaultoccurred,thetraditionalfaultlocationmethodsbasedon steady-stateinformationarelimited.However,thefaultlocationmethodsbasedon transientinformationusingabundantfaulttransientinformation,noteasilyinfluenced bysystemoperationconditionandsoon,hasadvantagesoffastresponsespeedand higheraccuracy.Especiallythetravelingwavemethod,buttherestillhavedifficultyin identifywave-frontanddeterminewavevelocity,whichinfluenceitsaccuracyand reliabilityoflocation.Therefore,furtherstudyinganalysisthetime-frequency characteristicsofthefaulttransienttravellingwave,developingexcellentperformance locationmethod,andimprovingtravelingwavefaultlocationtechnology,isofgreat
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