基于多波束数据的数字海底地形地貌研究分析-research and analysis of digital seabed topography based on multibeam data.docxVIP
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基于多波束数据的数字海底地形地貌研究分析-research and analysis of digital seabed topography based on multibeam data
摘要本文以辽东湾海区为研究区,采用高精度多波束数据,通过比较分析、各种插值方法 的误差,选择最优插值方法生成高精度的海底 DEM,并根据对地形因子的研究和地形分析 , 得到研究区地形变化和演化规律。本文主要进行了以下几方面的研究:1. 对多波束数据进行处理在 CARIS 平台上对原始多波束测深数据经过一系列处理,包括导航信号编辑、声速改 正、吃水改正、潮位改正、数据合并、数据检测等步骤。 测深数据处理是水深图绘制及海 底地形、地貌分析的基础工作。2. 比较、分析不同插值方法的精度,得到生成海底 DEM 的最优方法是 IDW 插值法 采用了 IDW 插值、样条函数插值、克里格插值以及 TIN 转规则格网等算法,比较分析检验点的插值后的误差,最终得出 IDW 插值为精度最大的插值方法,用 IDW 插值方法生 成海底 DEM。3.提取地形因子,进行地形分析基于 DEM 数据提取坡度、坡向等微观地形因子和水深、地表粗糙度、地形起伏度、 地表切割深度等宏观地形因子,并对地形因子进行地形分析,得到各地形因子的特点和分 布变化规律。4.海底地貌演化特征 对辽东浅滩潮流沙脊区进行地貌制图和剖面分析等,得到沙脊的主要特征,对比 1998年的沙脊特征资料,探讨潮流沙脊的特征变化和演化规律。研究证明,沙脊呈现退化的趋 势。关键词:多波束,海底 DEM,IDW 插值方法,地形因子,潮流沙脊,地形分析AbstractSelect ing Liaodong Bay as study area, comparing errors of various interpolation met hods and then choosing the best interpolation met hod, this thesis generates high-precision DEM for the seabed. Then we analysis the terrain factors and explore the regular of change and evolution of the terrain.The ma in content includes:Process multi-beam dataOn the basis of CARIS system, the origina l multi-beam data are processed as follow ing steps: navigation signa l edited, sound velocity corrected, draught corrected, tida l level corrected ,data combined, data detection and so on. Completed the above steps, the depth chart of the sea can be drawn , and the analysis of the terrain of the seabed can be continued.Compare the precision of various interpolation met hods, explore the the best met hod to generate DEMThis thesis compares the errors of the test points after interpolation in the met hods of Inverse Dista nce Weighted(IDW), Spline interpolation , Kriging Interpolation and converse TIN to regular grid. Ultimate, we find IDW met hod has the highest accuracy and generate the DEM of seabed using the IDW met hod.Extract and analyse terrain factorsOn the basis of DEM data ,we extract the microcosmic terrain factors such as slope degree and slope direction , and macroscopic terrain factors such as water depth , surface coarseness ,surface rolling and surface incision ,and so on
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