基于二叉树的ls-wsvm模型在早期火灾分类上的研究-research on ls - wsvm model based on binary tree in early fire classification.docxVIP

摘要火灾已成为我国常发性、破坏性和影响力最强的灾害之一，一旦发生将造成人员和财 产的巨大损失，因此开展对火灾的预警研究，具有非常重要的意义。为了及早的发现和控 制火灾的蔓延，采用由气体传感器构成的电子鼻系统对火灾阴燃状态的信息进行采集，并 对采集到的特征信息进行分析识别，从而实现对早期火灾类型的判别，并判断起火原因， 为有的放矢、尽快扑灭火灾提供支持与帮助。课题的研究在总结国内外早期火灾预警的基 础上，针对其不足之处，提出了基于二叉树的最小二乘小波支持向量机多类分类模型。通 过电子鼻传感器阵列采集早期火灾的气体信息，采用主成分分析方法对火灾信息进行特征 提取，最后通过多类分类模型对提取的特征信息进行识别，实现了早期火灾的判别以及分 类，从而达到了火灾早期预警的目的。本文首先介绍了支持向量机原理，以及最小二乘小波支持向量机的构造。其次，研究 了非线性映射方法，将其与二叉树结构、最小二乘小波支持向量机相结合，提出了基于二 叉树的最小二乘小波支持向量机模型。针对早期火灾信息特征，提出用主成分分析方法对 早期火灾信息进行特征提取。最后，将基于二叉树的最小二乘小波支持向量机模型应用于 早期火灾的分类实验，并与 BP 神经网络、K 近邻法和决策树方法进行比较，结果表明该 模型对早期火灾的识别率更高；而采用小波核函数的最小二乘支持向量机比采用径向基核 函数的最小二乘支持向量机所需的训练时间和分类时间要少，识别率更高；基于平衡二叉 树的分类模型具有较高的训练速度和分类速度。早期火灾的分类实验表明，基于二叉树的 最小二乘小波支持向量机模型具有更好的识别效果和更快的分类速度，更适合于早期火灾 分类上的应用。关键词：早期火灾；二叉树；最小二乘小波支持向量机；多类分类；主成分分析AbstractFire has been one of the common destructive and most influencing disasters in our country, when fire happens, people will be hurt and treasure will be loss hugely. So it is very significant to study fire fore-warning. In order to discover fire earlier and control fire spreading, we use electronic nose combining with gas sensors to collect the fire information when fire is in smoldering situation. And then we recognize the characteristic information and achieve the goal of distinguishing the early fire classes, we estimate the cause of fire and it can help us to know how to put out the fire efficiently and quickly. This paper’s study is based on summarizing early fire fore-warning home and abroad. Least squares wavelet support vector machine multi-class classification model based on binary tree was proposed to avoid the shortage of algorithm before. We use principal component analysis method to extract the feature of early fire information which was collected by electronic nose sensors array, at last the feature information was recognized by multi-class classification model, the distinguishing and classification of fire is come true, and then we achieve our purpose of fire early fore-warning.This paper first introduces the theory of