raman-spectroscopy拉曼光谱.ppt

Tufts University Biomedical Raman Spectroscopy Jason T. Motz Harvard Medical School and The Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital The Raman Effect: Inelastic Scattering Some Vibrations in Benzene Evolution of Raman Spectroscopy 1928~1960 Minor experimental advances 1960 Invention of laser expands scope experiments 1980s: rapid technological advances Fourier Transform spectroscopy Charge Coupled Device (CCD) detectors Holographic and dielectric filters Near-Infrared (NIR) lasers Late 1980s?1990s Biomedical investigations Advanced dispersive spectrometers 2000 ? In vivo application Optical fiber probes Non-linear spectroscopy Outline The Raman Effect Theory Techniques Applications Biomedical Raman Spectroscopy History Excitation wavelength selection Advantages of Raman spectroscopy Instrumentation Laboratory Clinical: optical fiber probes Case Study: Atherosclerosis Disease background Impact of Raman spectroscopy Frontiers Classical Raman Physics Interaction between electric field of incident photon and molecule Electric field oscillating with incident frequency vi: Induces molecular electric dipole (p): Proportional to molecular polarizability, ? ease with which the electron cloud around a molecule can be distorted Polarization results in nuclear displacement Classical Raman Physics For small distortions, polarizability is linearly proportional to the displacement Resultant dipole: Photo-Molecular Interactions Classical Raman Physics Raman scattering occurs only when the molecule is ‘polarizable’ Raman intensity ? ?4 Classical dipole radiation Stokes shifted Raman is more intense than anti-Stokes by Boltzmann factor: Consistent with other scattering phenomena, often reported in terms of cross-section (? [cm2]), or probability of scattering: ?: density of molecules dz: pathlength Characteristics of Raman Scattering Very weak effect Only 1 in 107 photons is Raman scattered NIR elastic scattering in tissue: NIR absor