基于声发射原理的冲击地压监测装备分析及应用-analysis and application of rock burst monitoring equipment based on acoustic emission principle.docxVIP

摘要基于现有冲击地压监测技术，尤其是声发射监测技术，运用理论分析、数值模拟等 方法对新型冲击地压监测装备进行研发，并通过现场试验方法对装备性能进行检验。首先，本文通过与其他冲击地压监测技术进行比较，对声发射监测技术应用于冲击 地压预测预报工作原理进行了系统阐述。主要通过理论分析及数值模拟方法进行煤岩体 内信号传播规律研究，其数值模拟研究工作主要是建立煤岩体内信号传播规律三环模型， 在三环环心加载规律应力波，并在三环交点（传感器）位置进行监测，然后分析所监测 波形加速度、速度规律。其次，介绍了 KDZD 型冲击地压声发射信号记录仪开发原理、传感器选择思路、装 备的主要技术参数和上位机软件。装备主要根据煤岩体构造及破坏机理，捕捉煤岩体所 释放的弹性波，尤其是煤岩体破坏前期释放的微弱信号。装备所选用传感器为谐振式高 灵敏度传感器。传感器获得信号之后经过前置放大器进行放大，然后声发射波形信号经 过 A/D 模数转换模块转换成数字波形信号，最终进入后续处理电路及上位机软件系统进 行整理分析。最后，选用一段顺槽巷道作为装备现场性能 检验的试验巷道。提出两种监测方案， 并结合本次监测工作目的需求选用特定式声发射监测方法，然后运用数值模拟方法得到 巷道围岩松动圈范围，并最终得到了装备合理安装深度及安装方法。通过对监测数据进 行降噪处理后重构，并提取所需参数进行关联分析，得出该处巷道具有一定冲击危险性， 需要合理安排卸压等防冲击措施，并加强持续监测力度。试验整体效果良好，装备性能 基本能够满足设计要求。关键词：声发射；监测技术；冲击地压；监测装备；信号处理ABSTRACTBasis on exist ing rock burst monitor ing technology, especia lly AE monitor ing technology, this paper researched and development new rock bust monitor ing equipment by theoret ica l analysis and numer ica l simulation and examined equipment performa nce through field testing procedure as well.Compared with other rock bust monitor ing technology, this paper systematica lly stated the working principle of AE monitor ing technology applying to rock bust predict ion. Mainly through theor y analysis and numer ica l simulation, this paper studied signa l propagation rules inner coal and rock whose tri-annular model built is the ma in work of the numer ica l simulation. Monitor load ing law sinusoidof the tri-annular center and the tri-annular point of intersect ion(the sensor), then, analyze the waveform accelera tion and the rate laws monitored.This paper introduced the developmental principle of KDZD wait-type rock bust stress wave signa l recorder, the way of sensors choice, ma in technical parameters of instruments and PC software. The instrument, according to coal rock mass structure and its mechanism of fracture, catches the elast ic wave released by coal rock mass, especia lly the sma ll-signa l at the earlier stage of coal rock mass destruct ion. The sensor chosen is resona nce high sens