interactions 生态学课件培训讲解.pptVIP

Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model(3);The coupled cycles of the abundance of predator and prey ploted against time;(2) Predator behavior andprey response;The relative preference of pied wagtails to different sizes of fly prey compared to the energy reward per unit time. Wagtails prefer the most profitable prey.;Switching between prey types;The function responses of predators to increasing prey density. Functional responses of type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ are shown.;Searching and handling(1);Searching and handling(2);Heterogeneity and prey refuges(1);Heterogeneity and prey refuges(2);Heterogeneity and prey refuges(3);The ideal free distribution(1);The ideal free distribution(2);Plant defense (1);3 Parasitism;(1) The nature of parasitism;Two groups of parasites;The diversity of parasites(2);Helminth worms and insects;parasitoids;Host response to disease(1);Host response to disease(2);Complex life cycles(1);Complex life cycles(2);Complex life cycles(3);Social parasites(1);Social parasites(2);Cuckoo nestling;(2) The dynamics of parasitism;Parasite-host dynamics (2);Cycling of the incidence of measles in England and Wales over 20 year period;Parasite-host dynamics (3);Cycling in three red grouse (Lagopus lagopus) populations parasitized by the nematode Trichostrongylus tenuis in southwest Scotland. Unparasitized populations show no cycling.;Host-parasite evolution(1);Host-parasite evolution(2);The change over time in the virulence levels of the myxoma virus (which causes myxomatosis in rabbits) in Britain. Virulence is highest in the Grade Ⅰstrains and lowest in the GradeⅤ strains.;Heterogeneity in parasite populations (1);Heterogeneity in parasite populations (2);Heterogeneity in host population;The response of eight strains of mice to inoculation with eggs of the nematode Trichuris muris.;Parasites as a reason for sex— the ‘Red Queen’;Discussion 1;5 Life history and patterns;(1) Life history;Life history variation (2);Energy allocation and trade-offs;A trade-off between grow