基于现场观测和海洋遥感的气体交换速率的分析-analysis of gas exchange rate based on field observation and ocean remote sensing.docx

Investigation of air-sea gas transfer velocity usingin-situ measurements and remote sensing technique AbstractAdequately accounting for sinks and sources of CO2 is needed to properly predict the climate evolution. The global ocean plays a key role in cycling CO2 as it absorbs a large portion of the anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere, accurate estimates of the air-sea CO2 flux is essential in understanding the feedback between the air-sea gas exchange and climate change.Typically, estimates of the air-sea CO2 flux are performed using the combination of gas transfer velocity (kw) and the air-sea CO2 partial pressure difference. Large uncertainties were suggested to be induced by the gas transfer velocity formular. Gas transfer velocity is commonly parameterized as a function of wind speed (U10). However, great discrepancies existed among the proposed formulas, especially at high winds, which is largely due to the improper consideration of the wave breaking effect.The sea surface turbulence is the controlling factor for gas transfer velocity, and the turbulence intensity is typically expressed in terms of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate. Based on the energy conservation, we related the TKE dissipation rate to the ratio of wind-wave energy (WWE) dissipation rate to mixing layer depth. The WWE dissipation rate is computed from the Phillips model using the JONSWAP spectrum and buoys’ directional spectrum respectively. It is found that thedissipation rate scales linearly with the breaking-wave parameter:R ??u2 / ?????.B*a pMeasurements of TKE dissipation rate were performed on an offshore fixed platform, it was observed enhanced dissipations exceeding the wall layer values with 1~2 orders of magnitude near the sea surface. The vertical distribution of TKE dissipation rate follows the breaking-wave scaling proposed by Terray et al. (1996), which decays asz-2. Giving the mixing layer depth as 0.25Hs, the sea surface TKE dissipation rate isinfer