不同添加物对污泥干化及燃烧性能改善的研究.doc

不同添加物对污泥干化及燃烧性能改善的研究 2010-10-25 15:02 环卫科技网 作者：黄仁华 周海燕 刘大江 摘要：生物污泥具有较高的干基热值，但高含水率和强持水性限制了污泥焚烧和热能利用。本文研究木屑、餐厨垃圾、煤粉等热值提高物质与M1脱水剂（以镁盐为主的化合物）、硅藻土、高岭土、皂土等脱水剂对污泥含水率降低、热值提高的作用。结果表明，含水率与热值的变化呈负相关性，木屑、煤粉对于污泥含水率降低和热值提高作用较为明显：当木屑加入比例为5%，煤粉为20%时，5天内体系含水率由60.7%降至36.3%，污泥低位热值由2162kJ/kg上升至6685kJ/kg，完全满足自持燃烧的要求。四种脱水剂脱水作用的顺序为：硅藻土高岭土皂土M1脱水剂。现场实验表明，当M1脱水剂、木屑、煤粉添加比为5：10：10时，均温10℃，自然通风条件下，5天后污泥含水率可以由81.3%降至28.0%，低位热值相应提高至10534kJ/kg，干基灰分产量减少至38.2%。 关键词：污泥；热值；含水率；脱水剂；灰分 Improvement on dewatering and combustion characteristics of sludge by adding different additives Abstract: Usually, the water content in the mechanical dewatering sewage sludge may be over 80% and its low heating value may be zero. In this work, effects on dewatering and heating value by adding high heatingvalue materials such as sawdust, kitchen garbage and coal, were investigated. Meanwhile, the dewatering reagents such as M1(a chemical consisting of Mg salts), bentonite, kaoline and diatomite, were also mixed with the sludge. It was found water content decreased from 60.7% to 36.3% and low heating value increased from 2162 kJ/kg to 6685 kJ/kg after five days air-drying, a low heating value for maintaining self-combustion, when 5% sawdust (w/w) and 20% coal were added into the sludge. The order of dewatering efficiency of four dewatering reagents was found to be diatomitekaolinebentoniteM1. The low heating value increased to 10534kJ/kg and water content and ash rate decreased to 28.0% and 38.2%, respectively, after 5 days?natural ventilation at average temnperature 10℃, when M1 agent, sawdust and coal with a ratioof 5:10:10(w/w) was used. Keywords: sludge; heating value; water content; dewatering reagent; ash 1 引言(Introduction) 随着我国各级城市污水处理设施的日臻完善，污泥的排放量逐年递增。据统计，上海每日产生污泥4000吨，而老港污泥卫生填埋场仅能填埋600吨~2000吨。由于可用土地迅速减少，寻找污泥资源化途径日益迫切。 经二级生物强化处理后产生的生物污泥，主要由生物絮体和絮凝剂组成，含有大量的有机物和木质素，具有一定热值[1]。据测算，污泥的干基热值范围为7467.8kJ/kg~17922.8 kJ/kg。但污泥含水率较高，焚烧过程中由于水分蒸发，以汽化潜热的形式带走部分能量，影响其燃烧过程。污泥的持水性较强，张华等人[2]研究发现，当温度为20℃，空气湿度30％～50%时，含水率80%左右的污