动词的短语形式.doc

动词的短语形式 1327 ?不过动词、宾语及补语的意义还应当广一些，上面例句中的及物动词、不及物动词或其他动词都是一个单词，但有时可以是一个起同样作用的短语或成语。例如“及物动词+名词”可以看作是一种不及物动词： He lost heart．（他灰心了。） This habit has struck root．（这种习惯已根深蒂固） 下面句子中的动词成语则可以看作是一种及物动词： I looked for my lost dictionary．（我在找我弄失的字典。） He paid attention to his lesson．（他很注意他的功课。） He gave up drinking．（他戒酒了。） He is afraid of blood．（他怕血。） He cant get along with anyone．（他和谁都处不好。） 下面句中的动词成语可以看作一种宾补动词： I waited for him to come．（我等他来。） 详见 1182—1206节。 ? Ⅱ．非谓语动词的修饰语 ? 1729? 非谓语动词，即动名词、分词及不定式，不仅可以修饰别的词，而且可以被别的词修饰。非谓语动词被副词（短语）、状语从句或不定式修饰时，其方式和谓语动词被修饰方式一样，所不同者，非谓语动词如果被短语、从句或不定式所修饰，必须放在修饰语前面，而谓语动词可放在任何修饰语前面或后面。此外，非谓语动词很少由分词修饰，而谓语动词却常可由分词修饰。? K．非谓语动词的被动形式 ? 1217 ?本章所给都是谓语动词的例子（1216 2，3 两段除外），适合谓语动词有关语态的规律，也同样适用于非谓语动词，尽管有时有些细微差别。 1218 ?1．就谓语动词而言，被动动词所表示动作的承受者必然是句子主语： This“continent” was discovered by Columbus． That“man” will be punished． “He” is interested in learning new things． “John” will be questioned． “I”shall be examined again． 但就非谓语动词而言，被动动词所表示动作的承受者可能是起形容词作用的分词或不定式所修饰的主体词： This is the“continent” discovered by Columbus． The“man” to be punished is gone． I want “him” to be ar－ rested． “His”being interested in gardening is unknown to me． Its no use“for John”to be questioned． 也可以是句子的主语： “I”am willing to be examined again． “I”avoided being examined again． 也可能不说出来： To be promoted is the result of many years of effort． Being insulted is worse than being killed． 1219 ?2．用于被动语态的谓语动词可以是（1）及物动词，（2）双宾动词或（3）宾补动词： （1）Many letters are written every day． The case is being studied． （2）The flowers are sent her by her lover． The books were given her by her uncle． （3）Mary is advised to talk less． The city is always kept clean． 非谓语动词也如此： （1）There are many letters to be written． The case heing studied concerns drug-smuggling． （2）The flowers sent her are beautiful． The books given her by her uncles were novels． （3）Being advised to talk less，Mary keeps silent while we talk． The city，to be always kept clean，has a thousand workmen to do the job． 1220 ?3．用于被动语态的谓语动词可表示动作或状态：The enemy was surround